Hieronimus B, Hammann S, Podszun MC (2024)
Publication Language: English
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2024
Book Volume: 128
Pages Range: 105-114
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.07.002
Artificial intelligence chatbots based on large language models have recently emerged as an alternative to traditional online searches and are also entering the nutrition space. In this study, we wanted to investigate whether the artificial intelligence chatbots ChatGPT and Bard (now Gemini) can create meal plans that meet the dietary reference intake (DRI) for different dietary patterns. We further hypothesized that nutritional adequacy could be improved by modifying the prompts used. Meal plans were generated by 3 accounts for different dietary patterns (omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan) using 2 distinct prompts resulting in 108 meal plans total. The nutrient content of the plans was subsequently analyzed and compared to the DRIs. On average, the meal plans contained less energy and carbohydrates but mostly exceeded the DRI for protein. Vitamin D and fluoride fell below the DRI for all plans, whereas only the vegan plans contained insufficient vitamin B12. ChatGPT suggested using vitamin B12 supplements in 5 of 18 instances, whereas Bard never recommended supplements. There were no significant differences between the prompts or the tools. Although the meal plans generated by ChatGPT and Bard met most DRIs, there were some exceptions, particularly for vegan diets. These tools maybe useful for individuals looking for general dietary inspiration, but they should not be relied on to create nutritionally adequate meal plans, especially for individuals with restrictive dietary needs.
APA:
Hieronimus, B., Hammann, S., & Podszun, M.C. (2024). Can the AI tools ChatGPT and Bard generate energy, macro- and micro-nutrient sufficient meal plans for different dietary patterns? Nutrition Research, 128, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2024.07.002
MLA:
Hieronimus, Bettina, Simon Hammann, and Maren C. Podszun. "Can the AI tools ChatGPT and Bard generate energy, macro- and micro-nutrient sufficient meal plans for different dietary patterns?" Nutrition Research 128 (2024): 105-114.
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