Investigations on spatial beam oscillation using a high-power blue laser

Plutz L, Bartels D, Hölbling C, Jaskowiak C, Goth C, Schmidt M (2026)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2026

Journal

Procedia CIRP Curran

Book Volume: 143

Pages Range: 436-441

DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.091

Abstract

Electrified powertrains demand robust and precise copper joining technologies. This study investigates the influence of spatial beam oscillation trajectory and frequency on weld penetration depth, seam width, and surface roughness in high-power blue diode laser welding (445 nm, PL,max = 4 kW) of Cu-ETP. Circular, infinity-shaped, and sine oscillation trajectories were examined across a frequency range of 0 to 1000 s⁻¹ at constant welding velocity and nominal oscillation amplitude. All parameter combinations yielded pore-free and spatter-free weld seams, confirming stable conduction mode welding throughout. Penetration depth is most effectively recovered at high frequencies by the infinity-shaped trajectory, which transitions to a stationary melt pool regime above a critical frequency threshold of fo = 350 s⁻¹, enabling continuous energy coupling into the depth direction. Sine oscillation yields the lowest surface roughness, operating in a weaving melt pool regime with intermittent resolidification between successive passes that dampens surface disturbances and promotes smooth resolidification. Weld width scales geometry-independently with the effective lateral amplitude and decreases with scanner-induced roll-off for all trajectories. The dimensionless path length factor ψ and the trajectory-weighted area energy density Êeff together provide a geometry-independent framework that captures the observed trade-offs between penetration depth, seam width, and surface roughness across all trajectories examined.

Authors with CRIS profile

Leonard Plutz Lehrstuhl für Photonische Technologien (LPT) Dominic Bartels Lehrstuhl für Photonische Technologien (LPT) Michael Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Photonische Technologien (LPT)

Involved external institutions

Vitesco Technologies GmbH DE Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Plutz, L., Bartels, D., Hölbling, C., Jaskowiak, C., Goth, C., & Schmidt, M. (2026). Investigations on spatial beam oscillation using a high-power blue laser. Procedia CIRP, 143, 436-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2026.07.091

MLA:

Plutz, Leonard, et al. "Investigations on spatial beam oscillation using a high-power blue laser." Procedia CIRP 143 (2026): 436-441.

BibTeX: Download