Bridging Oxidation and Crystallization Pathways in Sn–Pb Perovskites for High-Efficiency, Stable Solar Cells

Hu M, Hauch J, Wu J, Brabec C (2026)

Publication Type: Journal article, Review article

Publication year: 2026

Journal

Chemsuschem Wiley-VCH Verlag

Book Volume: 19

Article Number: e202502028

Journal Issue: 2

DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202502028

Abstract

All-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) have recently surpassed the 30% power conversion efficiency milestone, positioning mixed tin–lead (Sn–Pb) perovskite as indispensable narrow-bandgap absorbers. Their optimal bandgap, reduced lead content, and solution processability make them promising for next-generation photovoltaics. However, their widespread application is hindered by severe stability issues, primarily the facile oxidation of Sn2+ and crystallization mismatch between Sn- and Pb-based phases. Distinct from existing reviews, this short review provides an integrated framework for the two fundamental bottlenecks of Sn–Pb perovskite—Sn2+ oxidation and Sn/Pb crystallization mismatch—linking mechanistic insights across precursor chemistry, thin-film formation, and device operation. We summarize recent advances that enable efficiencies >23% together with thousand-hour operational stability, and we outline future directions toward fully integrated, scalable, and commercialization-relevant stability solutions.

Authors with CRIS profile

Jens Hauch

Involved external institutions

Forschungszentrum Jülich / Research Centre Jülich (FZJ) DE Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Hu, M., Hauch, J., Wu, J., & Brabec, C. (2026). Bridging Oxidation and Crystallization Pathways in Sn–Pb Perovskites for High-Efficiency, Stable Solar Cells. Chemsuschem, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202502028

MLA:

Hu, Manman, et al. "Bridging Oxidation and Crystallization Pathways in Sn–Pb Perovskites for High-Efficiency, Stable Solar Cells." Chemsuschem 19.2 (2026).

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