Accounting for changing snow over 10 years of IceTop, and its impact on the all-particle cosmic ray spectrum

Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Agarwalla SK, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Alameddine JM, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Athanasiadou S, Axani SN, Bai X, Balagopal AV, Baricevic M, Barwick SW, Basu V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker Tjus J, Beise J, Bellenghi C, Benning C, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bontempo F, Book JY, Boscolo Meneguolo C, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Braun J, Brinson B, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burley RT, Busse RS, Butterfield D, Campana MA, Carloni K, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chattopadhyay S, Chau N, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi S, Clark BA, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Connolly A, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Delgado D, Deng S, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Domi A, Dujmovic H, DuVernois MA, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Ellinger E, El Mentawi S, Elsässer D, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fang K, Farrag K, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goehlke N, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Gray SJ, Gries O, Griffin S, Griswold S, Groth KM, Günther C, Gutjahr P, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Hamdaoui H, Ha Minh M, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Hatch P, Haungs A, Helbing K, Hellrung J, Henningsen F, Heuermann L, Heyer N, Hickford S, Hidvegi A, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hori S, Hoshina K, Hou W, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, Hymon K, In S, Ishihara A, Jacquart M, Janik O, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jin M, Jones BJ, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Kardum L, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kelley JL, Khatee Zathul A, Kheirandish A, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Kochocki A, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Krishnamoorthi J, Kruiswijk K, Krupczak E, Kumar A, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Lagunas Gualda C, Lamoureux M, Larson MJ, Latseva S, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard DeHolton K, Leszczyńska A, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Love C, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Madsen J, Mahn KB, Makino Y, Manao E, Mancina S, Marie Sainte W, Mariş IC, Marka S, Marka Z, Marsee M, Martinez-Soler I, Maruyama R, Mayhew F, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Merckx Y, Merten L, Micallef J, Mitchell J, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morii Y, Morse R, Moulai M, Mukherjee T, Naab R, Nagai R, Nakos M, Naumann U, Necker J, Negi A, Neumann M, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Noell A, Novikov A, Nowicki SC, Obertacke Pollmann A, O’Dell V, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, Ørsøe R, Osborn J, O’Sullivan E, Pandya H, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, Pérez de los Heros C, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Pontén A, Popovych Y, Prado Rodriguez M, Pries B, Procter-Murphy R, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rack-Helleis J, Rawlins K, Rechav Z, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Riedel B, Rifaie A, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Rodan S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ruohan L, Ryckbosch D, Safa I, Saffer J, Salazar-Gallegos D, Sampathkumar P, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Savelberg J, Savina P, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schlickmann L, Schlüter B, Schlüter F, Schmeisser N, Schmidt T, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seikh M, Seunarine S, Shah R, Sharma A, Shefali S, Shimizu N, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Søgaard A, Soldin D, Soldin P, Sommani G, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stezelberger T, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Thiesmeyer M, Thompson WG, Thwaites J, Tilav S, Tollefson K, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tung CF, Turcotte R, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Unland Elorrieta MA, Upadhyay AK, Upshaw K, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Vara J, Veitch-Michaelis J, Venugopal M, Vereecken M, Verpoest S, Veske D, Vijai A, Walck C, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Willey N, Williams DR, Witthaus L, Wolf A, Wolf M, Wrede G, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yildizci E, Yoshida S, Young R, Yu F, Yu S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zhelnin P, Zimmerman M (2024)

Publication Type: Conference contribution

Publication year: 2024

Journal

Publisher: Sissa Medialab Srl

Book Volume: 444

Conference Proceedings Title: Proceedings of Science

Event location: Nagoya, JPN

Abstract

The IceTop surface detector of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory measures extensive air showers (EAS). Coincident signals in both tanks of an IceTop station result primarily from the electromagnetic component of the EAS, and events which trigger at least 5 stations correspond to energies roughly above the knee, with an energy threshold and reconstruction behavior that changes over time as snow accumulates above the array. We present a status report of an analysis of ≥ 5-station events in IceTop from 2011-2021, which will be used to measure the all-particle spectrum of cosmic rays in the transition region from galactic to extragalactic sources up to EeV range, using updated simulations and improved treatments of snow attenuation. In particular, a snow model has been developed which takes the non-attenuating muon content of tank signals, as well as their saturation behavior, into account.

Authors with CRIS profile

Involved external institutions

University of Maryland United States (USA) (US) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) United States (USA) (US) Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Belgium (BE) Harvard University United States (USA) (US) University of Utah United States (USA) (US) Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Germany (DE) University of Delaware (UDEL) United States (USA) (US) South Dakota School of Mines and Technology United States (USA) (US) University of Wisconsin - Madison United States (USA) (US) The Oskar Klein Centre Sweden (SE) Clark Atlanta University United States (USA) (US) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Korea, Republic of (KR) Michigan State University United States (USA) (US) Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Germany (DE) University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) United States (USA) (US) Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) United States (USA) (US) Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) Germany (DE) University of Nevada Las Vegas United States (USA) (US) Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (JGU) Germany (DE) State University of New York at Albany (UNY Albany / UAlbany) United States (USA) (US) Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen Germany (DE) University of California, Berkeley United States (USA) (US) Drexel University United States (USA) (US) The University of Alabama United States (USA) (US) Uppsala University Sweden (SE) Technische Universität München (TUM) Germany (DE) Bergische Universität Wuppertal Germany (DE) Niels Bohr Institute / Niels Bohr Institutet Denmark (DK) Yale University United States (USA) (US) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) United States (USA) (US) Queen's University Canada (CA) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Germany (DE) University of Geneva / Université de Genève (UNIGE) Switzerland (CH) Chiba University / 千葉大学 Japan (JP) University of Adelaide Australia (AU) Technische Universität Dortmund Germany (DE) University of Alberta Canada (CA) Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster Germany (DE) Universiteit Gent (UGent) / Ghent University Belgium (BE) Marquette University United States (USA) (US) University of Wisconsin-River Falls United States (USA) (US) Columbia University United States (USA) (US) Southern University and A&M College (SUBR) United States (USA) (US) Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) / Free University of Brussels Belgium (BE) University of Oxford United Kingdom (GB) Georgia Institute of Technology United States (USA) (US) University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA) United States (USA) (US) University of Kansas (KU) United States (USA) (US) Ohio State University United States (USA) (US) University of Rochester (UR) United States (USA) (US) University of Padua / Universita degli Studi di Padova Italy (IT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Belgium (BE) Mercer University United States (USA) (US) Loyola University Chicago United States (USA) (US) University of California Irvine United States (USA) (US) University of Canterbury New Zealand (NZ) Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica / 中央研究院物理研究所 Taiwan (TW)

How to cite

APA:

Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, S.K., Aguilar, J.A., Ahlers, M.,... Zimmerman, M. (2024). Accounting for changing snow over 10 years of IceTop, and its impact on the all-particle cosmic ray spectrum. In Proceedings of Science. Nagoya, JPN: Sissa Medialab Srl.

MLA:

Abbasi, R., et al. "Accounting for changing snow over 10 years of IceTop, and its impact on the all-particle cosmic ray spectrum." Proceedings of the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023, Nagoya, JPN Sissa Medialab Srl, 2024.

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