Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel by DED-LB/M and PBF-LB/M – Process-material-property relationships

Maier A, Rühr M, Tangermann-Gerk K, Stephan M, Roth S, Schmidt M (2024)

Publication Language: English

Publication Type: Journal article, Original article

Publication year: 2024

Journal

Rapid Prototyping Journal Emerald

Book Volume: 30

Pages Range: 1348-1364.

Journal Issue: 7

URI: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/RPJ-02-2024-0099/full/html?skipTracking=true

DOI: 10.1108/RPJ-02-2024-0099

Abstract

Additive Manufacturing (AM) of duplex stainless steels (DSS) is still challenging in terms of simultaneously generating structures with high build quality and adequate functional properties. This study aims to investigate comprehensive process-material-property relationships resulting from both Laser Directed Energy Deposition (DED-LB/M) and Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) of DSS 1.4462 in as-built (AB) and subsequent heat-treated (HT) states.

Cuboid specimens made of DSS 1.4462 were generated using both AM processes. Porosity and microstructure analyses, magnetic-inductive ferrite, and Vickers hardness measurements, tensile and Charpy impacts tests, fracture analysis, critical pitting corrosion temperature (CPT) measurements and Huey tests were performed on specimens in the AB and HT states.

Correlations between the microstructural aspects and the resulting functional properties (mechanical properties and corrosion resistance) were demonstrated and compared. The mechanical properties of DED-LB/M specimens in both material conditions fulfilled the alloy specifications of 1.4462. Owing to the low ductility and toughness of PBF-LB/M specimens in the AB state, a post-process heat treatment was required to exceed the minimum alloy specification limits. Furthermore, the homogenization heat treatment significantly improved the corrosion resistance of DED- and PBF-processed 1.4462.

This study fulfils the need to investigate the complex relationships between process characteristics and the resulting material properties of additively manufactured DSS. 

Authors with CRIS profile

Andreas Maier
Michael Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Photonische Technologien (LPT)

Involved external institutions

KSB SE & Co. KGaA DE Germany (DE) Bayerisches Laserzentrum gemeinnützige Forschungsgesellschaft mbH (BLZ) DE Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Maier, A., Rühr, M., Tangermann-Gerk, K., Stephan, M., Roth, S., & Schmidt, M. (2024). Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel by DED-LB/M and PBF-LB/M – Process-material-property relationships. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 30(7), 1348-1364.. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-02-2024-0099

MLA:

Maier, Andreas, et al. "Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel by DED-LB/M and PBF-LB/M – Process-material-property relationships." Rapid Prototyping Journal 30.7 (2024): 1348-1364.

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