Employment status, psychological needs, and mental health: Meta-analytic findings concerning the latent deprivation model

Paul KI, Scholl H, Moser K, Zechmann A, Batinic B (2023)

Publication Type: Journal article, Original article

Publication year: 2023

Journal

Book Volume: 14

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1017358

Abstract

Marie Jahoda's latent deprivation model proposes that unemployed people have a worse mental health compared to employed people. This is because they suffer not only from a lack of the manifest function of employment (earning money), but also from a lack of five so-called latent functions of employment: Time structure, social contact, collective purpose (i.e., the sense of being useful to other people), status, and activity. In order to test the basic assumptions of this theory, a study based on meta-analytic methods was conducted. Results showed that employed people reported higher levels on all five latent functions, as well as on the manifest function, compared to unemployed people. They also report more latent functions than people who are out of the labor force (OLF). Moreover, OLF-people reported more manifest and latent functions than unemployed people. Specific analyses for three OLF-subgroups found retired people to be almost as deprived of the latent functions (but not the manifest function) as unemployed people, while students were more similar to employed people but still experienced some manifest and latent deprivation. For homemakers, the effect sizes pointed in the expected direction, but they were not significant. Thus, the proposition that employment is the best provider of the latent functions was generally endorsed, although homemakers need further scrutiny in future studies. All latent functions, as well as the manifest function, emerged as significant independent predictors of mental health, when the influence of the other manifest and latent functions was controlled. Together, the dimensions in the model explained 19% of variation in mental health.

Authors with CRIS profile

Karsten Paul Lehrstuhl für Psychologie, insbesondere Wirtschafts- und Sozialpsychologie Klaus Moser Lehrstuhl für Psychologie, insbesondere Wirtschafts- und Sozialpsychologie

Related research project(s)

Deprived needs and incongruent values - scrutinizing the causes of the mental health problems of unemployed people Aug. 1, 2013 - July 31, 2016

Involved external institutions

Johannes Kepler Universität (JKU) Linz

Austria (AT)

How to cite

APA:

Paul, K.I., Scholl, H., Moser, K., Zechmann, A., & Batinic, B. (2023). Employment status, psychological needs, and mental health: Meta-analytic findings concerning the latent deprivation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1017358

MLA:

Paul, Karsten Ingmar, et al. "Employment status, psychological needs, and mental health: Meta-analytic findings concerning the latent deprivation model." Frontiers in Psychology 14 (2023).

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