Directed Energy Deposition of Low-Alloyed Steels: An Insight on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties

Bartels D, von Lattre-Hertel A, Novotny T, Mohr A, Hill H, Merklein C, Schmidt M (2023)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2023

Journal

Steel Research International Wiley-VCH Verlag

Pages Range: 2200925

DOI: 10.1002/srin.202200925

Abstract

Low-alloyed steels are used for a variety of different applications like bearings or gears. Additive manufacturing technologies like directed energy deposition (DED-LB/M) allow for a fast and close-to-contour fabrication of sophisticated products without excessive waste of material. However, the DED-LB/M process cannot be considered as state-of-the-art for this group of materials. This study presents findings on the material properties of the additively manufactured low-alloyed steel Bainidur AM by means of DED-LB/M. This includes studies on the mechanical properties (hardness, compression strength) as well as the microstructural properties (scanning electron microscopy [SEM]). The microstructure in the as-built state appears like a bainitic–martensitic one with shares of retained austenite which is not fully transformed during cooling. As a differentiation is barely possible from the SEM images, a plethora of investigations is further used to assess the microstructure. As-built samples possess a good combination of ductility and hardness. Furthermore, the specimens are characterized by a good tempering stability up to 600 °C. This tempering stability is characterized by a homogeneous hardness of around 400 HV1 for all temperatures. In contrast, the conventionally hardened specimens show a drop-off in material hardness, further indicating the excellent material properties of additively manufactured Bainidur AM.

Authors with CRIS profile

Dominic Bartels Lehrstuhl für Photonische Technologien (LPT) Michael Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Photonische Technologien (LPT)

Additional Organisation(s)

FAU Profilzentrum Licht.Materie.Quantentechnologien (FAU LMQ) Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT)

Related research project(s)

Resource-minimized production through hybrid and highly networked processes (HyConnect) Nov. 1, 2020 - Oct. 31, 2023

Involved external institutions

Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG DE Germany (DE) Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Specialty Steel GmbH & Co. KG DE Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Bartels, D., von Lattre-Hertel, A., Novotny, T., Mohr, A., Hill, H., Merklein, C., & Schmidt, M. (2023). Directed Energy Deposition of Low-Alloyed Steels: An Insight on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties. Steel Research International, 2200925. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202200925

MLA:

Bartels, Dominic, et al. "Directed Energy Deposition of Low-Alloyed Steels: An Insight on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties." Steel Research International (2023): 2200925.

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