Corrigendum to “Cross-reinstatement of mitragynine and morphine place preference in rats” [Behav. Brain Res. 399 (2021) 113021] (Behavioural Brain Research (2021) 399, (S0166432820307208), (10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113021))
Japarin RA, Yusoff NH, Hassan Z, Müller CP, Harun N (2023)
Publication Type: Journal article, Erratum
Publication year: 2023
Journal
Book Volume: 437
Article Number: 114155
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114155
Abstract
The authors regret “that did not include the post conditioning data in the figures and results section”. [Formula presented] Fig. 2. Drug priming reinstatement of a conditioned place preference following extinction A) Conditioned place preference. Data represents (mean ± SEM) of time spent in drug-paired side during pre-conditioning, post-conditioning, extinction and reinstatement test B) Locomotor activity in the conditioning compartment during pre-conditioning, post-conditioning, extinction and reinstatement test. Data represents (mean ± SEM) of distance travelled in drug-paired side during pre-conditioning, post-conditioning, extinction and reinstatement test C) Entries into conditioning compartment during pre-conditioning, post-conditioning, extinction and reinstatement test. Data represents (mean ± SEM) of number of entries in drug-paired side during pre-conditioning, post-conditioning, extinction and reinstatement test. (T-80, Tween-80; MOR, morphine 5, 10 mg/kg; METH, methamphetamine 0.5, 1 mg/kg; MG, mitragynine 5, 10, 15, 30 mg/kg; n = 10–12/group; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001 vs. extinction test; @p < 0.05 vs. post-conditioning test; ##p < 0.01 vs. pre conditioning test. [Formula presented] Fig. 3. Cross-reinstatement of a morphine conditioned place preference by mitragynine (MG) (A) Time spent in drug-paired side during reinstatement of a previously extinguished morphine-induced CPP with priming doses of MG. All animals were conditioned with 10 mg/kg of morphine and after extinction, were reinstated with the following doses of MG (0, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg; n = 6–10/group) B) Locomotor activity in the conditioning compartment during reinstatement of a previously extinguished morphine-induced CPP with priming doses of MG C) Entries into conditioning compartment during reinstatement of a previously extinguished morphine-induced CPP with priming doses of MG (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs. extinction; ###p < 0.001, ##P < 0.01, #p < 0.05 vs. pre conditioning test). [Formula presented] Fig. 4. Cross-reinstatement of a mitragynine (MG) conditioned place preference by morphine (MOR) A) Time spent in drug-paired side during reinstatement of a previously extinguished MG-induced CPP with priming doses of MOR. All animals were conditioned with 30 mg/kg MG and after extinction, were reinstated with the following doses of MOR (0, 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg; n = 6–10/group) B) Locomotor activity in the conditioning compartment during reinstatement of a previously extinguished MG-induced CPP with priming doses of MOR C) Entries into conditioning compartment during reinstatement of a previously extinguished MG-induced CPP with priming doses of MOR (***p < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs. extinction; ###p < 0.001, ##p < 0.01, #p < 0.05 vs. pre conditioning test). 3.1. Reinstatement of previously extinguished MG and morphine place preference effects Following the acquisition of a CPP, all treatment groups underwent an extinction training and reinstatement. A two-way ANOVA for the time spent in the drug-paired compartment revealed a significant effect on tests (F3, 174 = 7.02, p = 0.0002) and doses (F4, 174 = 2.71, p = 0.0316) with no significant effect on interaction (F12, 174 = 1.59, p = 0.0981). The time spent in the drug-paired compartment became similar to those of pre-conditioning phase (p > 0.05) for all treatment groups following extinction training (Fig. 2A). Subsequently, the extinguished drug-induced CPP was reinstated in rats treated with the corresponding conditioning drugs at half of the dose administered during conditioning phase (MOR, morphine 5 mg/kg; METH, methamphetamine 0.5 mg/kg; MG, mitragynine 5, 15 mg/kg in the reinstatement test), as shown by the increased time spent in the drug-associated chamber during reinstatement test compared to the extinction test (MOR 10 mg/kg: p < 0.05, MG 10 mg/kg: p < 0.05). In addition, morphine-treated rats exhibited an increased time spent in the drug-paired chamber during reinstatement compared to the pre-conditioning test (MOR 10 mg/kg: p < 0.05). On the other hand, rats reinstated with methamphetamine exhibited no significant effect on time spent in the drug-paired chamber relative to the pre-conditioning test (METH 1 mg/kg: p > 0.05) and extinction test (METH 1 mg/kg: p > 0.05). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA for locomotor activity in the drug-paired compartment for the reinstatement groups (Fig. 2B) revealed a significant effect on tests (F3,200 = 6.889, p = 0.0002) and doses (F4,200 = 2.873, p = 0.0241) but no significant effect on interaction (F12,200 = 1.008, p = 0.4425). Only the morphine group exhibited a significant hyperlocomotion effect after a priming drug injection when compared to pre-conditioning test (MOR 10 mg/kg: p < 0.001) and extinction test (MOR 10 mg/kg: p < 0.01). Meanwhile, no changes were observed for other treatment groups during reinstatement when compared to pre-conditioning test (METH 1 mg/kg: p > 0.05, MG 10 mg/kg: p > 0.05, MG 30 mg/kg: p > 0.05) and extinction test (METH 1 mg/kg: p > 0.05, MG 10 mg/kg: p > 0.05, MG 30 mg/kg: p > 0.05) (Fig. 2B). The reinstatement doses of morphine caused an increase in the number of entries into the drug-associated compartment between pre-conditioning and reinstatement, however, it did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 2C). There was no difference in the number of entries throughout the experiment for reinstatement doses of the other treatment groups between pre-conditioning and reinstatement (METH 1 mg/kg: p > 0.05, MG 10 mg/kg: p > 0.05, MG 30 mg/kg: p > 0.05) and extinction and reinstatement (MOR 10 mg/kg: p > 0.05, METH 1 mg/kg: p > 0.05, MG 10 mg/kg: p > 0.05, MG 30 mg/kg: p > 0.05). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA for the number of entries into the drug-paired side showed no significant effect on tests (F3, 208 = 2.28, p = 0.0803), doses (F4, 208 = 1.06, p = 0.3753) and interaction (F12, 208 = 0.38, p = 0.9695) (Fig. 2C). 3.2. Effects of MG priming doses on a previously extinguished place preference induced by morphine MG induces reinstatement of a previously extinguished morphine CPP (Fig. 3A). A two-way ANOVA for the time spent in the drug-paired compartment revealed a significant effect on tests (F3, 111 = 30.05, p < 0.0001) and interaction (F9,111 = 2.08, p = 0.0375) with no significant doses effect (F3, 111 = 2.67, p = 0.0509). Post-hoc comparisons showed that all rats conditioned with morphine (10 mg/kg) exhibited a CPP effect during the post-conditioning (reinstatement dose: vehicle: p < 0.05, MG 3 mg/kg: p < 0.01, MG 10 mg/kg: p < 0.001, MG 30 mg/kg: p < 0.001) when compared to the pre-conditioning test. In addition, post-hoc comparisons showed that all reinstatement doses of MG completely reinstated the morphine-induced CPP as seen by the increased time spent in the drug-associated chamber during the reinstatement compared to pre-conditioning test (MG 3 mg/kg: p < 0.001, MG 10 mg/ kg: p < 0.001, MG 30 mg/kg: p < 0.001). A two-way ANOVA for locomotor activity of the extinguished morphine-induced CPP group (Fig. 3B) showed a significant effect on MG reinstatement doses (F3,113 = 6.45, p = 0.0005) and tests (F3,113 = 16.73, p < 0.0001), with no significant effect on dose x tests interaction (F9,113 = 1.22, p = 0.2896). The reinstatement dose of MG at the highest dose exhibited significant hypolocomotion (MG 30 mg/kg: p < 0.05) following administration of the priming drug injection but no changes were noted for other MG doses. The highest reinstatement dose of MG exhibited a greater significant decrease in the number of entries into the drug-paired chamber between extinction and reinstatement (MG 30 mg/kg: p < 0.05; Fig. 3C). In addition, the reinstatement doses of MG caused a significant decrement in the number of entries into the drug-paired chamber between pre-conditioning and reinstatement (MG 10 mg/kg: p < 0.05, MG 30 mg/kg: p < 0.001). A two-way ANOVA revealed significant effects for the reinstatement doses (F3,130 = 4.24, p = 0.0068) and dose x tests interaction (F9,130 = 3.01, p = 0.0027) but no significant effect of tests (F3,130 = 2.37, p = 0.0733). 3.3 Effects of morphine priming doses on a previously extinguished place preference induced by MG Morphine induces reinstatement of a previously extinguished MG CPP (Fig. 4A). A two-way ANOVA for the time spent in the drug-paired side showed a significant effect on doses (F3,74 = 3.64, p = 0.0166), tests (F3,74 = 27.21, p < 0.0001) and interactions (F9,74 = 4.35, p = 0.0001). Post-hoc comparisons showed that all rats conditioned with MG (30 mg/kg) showed a significant CPP effect, as all the groups spent more time in the drug-paired chamber during post-conditioning than in the pre-conditioning session (reinstatement doses: vehicle: p < 0.01, MOR 1 mg/kg: p < 0.001, MOR 3 mg/kg: p < 0.001, MOR 10 mg/kg: p < 0.01). Post hoc comparisons also revealed that morphine at all doses (1, 3, 10 mg/kg) reinstated the extinguished MG-induced CPP as shown by an increase time spent in the drug-paired chamber compared to pre-conditioning test (MOR 1 mg/kg: p < 0.001, MOR 3 mg/kg: p < 0.001, MOR 10 mg/kg: p < 0.001). Meanwhile, a significant hypolocomotor activity was observed for the reinstatement of extinguished MG-induced CPP with morphine at all doses when compared with pre-conditioning (MOR 1 mg/kg: p < 0.01; MOR 3 mg/kg: p < 0.001; MOR 10 mg/kg: p < 0.01; Fig. 4B) and extinction (MOR 1 mg/kg: p < 0.05; MOR 3 mg/kg: p < 0.01; MOR 10 mg/kg: p < 0.05; Fig. 4B). Meanwhile, only rats reinstated with morphine at 1 mg/kg exhibited a significant hyperlocomotor effect during the post-conditioning test when compared with the pre-conditioning test (p < 0.001). A two-way ANOVA for the activity showed a significant effect of tests (F3,70 = 24.18, p < 0.0001), dose (F3,70 = 2.97, p = 0.0376) and interaction (F9,70 = 3.96, p = 0.0004). The reinstatement doses of morphine caused a significant decrease in the number of entries into the drug-associated compartment between pre-conditioning and reinstatement (3 mg/kg: p < 0.001; 10 mg/kg: p < 0.01; Fig. 4C). A two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of tests (F3,86 = 10.21, p < 0.0001), but no effect of reinstatement dose (F3,86 = 2.04, p = 0.1142) or interaction (F9,86 = 0.78, p = 0.6386). The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
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APA:
Japarin, R.A., Yusoff, N.H., Hassan, Z., Müller, C.P., & Harun, N. (2023). Corrigendum to “Cross-reinstatement of mitragynine and morphine place preference in rats” [Behav. Brain Res. 399 (2021) 113021] (Behavioural Brain Research (2021) 399, (S0166432820307208), (10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113021)). Behavioural Brain Research, 437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114155
MLA:
Japarin, Rima Atria, et al. "Corrigendum to “Cross-reinstatement of mitragynine and morphine place preference in rats” [Behav. Brain Res. 399 (2021) 113021] (Behavioural Brain Research (2021) 399, (S0166432820307208), (10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113021))." Behavioural Brain Research 437 (2023).
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