Exposure of the German general population to platinum and rhodium - Urinary levels and determining factors
Munker S, Kilo S, Roess C, Jeitner P, Schierl R, Göen T, Drexler H (2016)
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2016
Journal
Book Volume: 219
Pages Range: 801-810
Journal Issue: 8
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.019
Abstract
In this study the exposure of the general population in Germany to platinum and rhodium and its determinants was investigated in 259 participants (subdivided in three groups) by urine analyses and assessment of the dental status. Complementary, an interview including questions characterising possible exposure to traffic exhaust was conducted. The median excretion was 2.42ng platinum/g creatinine and 7.27ng rhodium/g creatinine. The detailed analysis of the collected data showed significant higher platinum excretion values with increasing number of surfaces covered with restorations containing precious metals (R=0.389; p<0.001), but also higher values for habitants of urban areas (median=3.43ng/g creatinine; 95th percentile=25.2ng/g) compared with those of rural areas (median=2.06ng/g creatinine; 95th percentile=20.0ng/g). Also, participants working in urban areas showed higher platinum excretion values (median=3.27ng/g; 95th percentile=19.6ng/g). Male participants living and working next to highly frequented roads showed higher rhodium excretion values (median=7.27ng/g; 95th percentile=13.5 ng/g). In summary, the study showed that exhaust emissions have an influence on platinum and rhodium excretion, but for platinum this influence is rather low compared to the influence of precious metals containing restorations.
Authors with CRIS profile
Sven Munker
Lehrstuhl für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin
Sonja Kilo
Lehrstuhl für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin
Thomas Göen
Medizinische Fakultät
Johann Drexler
Lehrstuhl für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin
Involved external institutions
Germany (DE)How to cite
APA:
Munker, S., Kilo, S., Roess, C., Jeitner, P., Schierl, R., Göen, T., & Drexler, H. (2016). Exposure of the German general population to platinum and rhodium - Urinary levels and determining factors. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 219(8), 801-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.019
MLA:
Munker, Sven, et al. "Exposure of the German general population to platinum and rhodium - Urinary levels and determining factors." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 219.8 (2016): 801-810.
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