Zhao P, Lieu T, Barlow N, Metcalf M, Veldhuis NA, Jensen DD, Kocan M, Sostegni S, Härteis S, Baraznenok V, Henderson I, Lindstrom E, Guerrero-Alba R, Valdez-Morales EE, Liedtke W, Mcintyre P, Vanner SJ, Korbmacher C, Bunnett NW (2014)
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2014
Publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Book Volume: 289
Pages Range: 27215-34
Journal Issue: 39
Serine proteases such as trypsin and mast cell tryptase cleave protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) at R(36)?S(37) and reveal a tethered ligand that excites nociceptors, causing neurogenic inflammation and pain. Whether proteases that cleave PAR2 at distinct sites are biased agonists that also induce inflammation and pain is unexplored. Cathepsin S (Cat-S) is a lysosomal cysteine protease of antigen-presenting cells that is secreted during inflammation and which retains activity at extracellular pH. We observed that Cat-S cleaved PAR2 at E(56)?T(57), which removed the canonical tethered ligand and prevented trypsin activation. In HEK and KNRK cell lines and in nociceptive neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglia, Cat-S and a decapeptide mimicking the Cat-S-revealed tethered ligand-stimulated PAR2 coupling to G?s and formation of cAMP. In contrast to trypsin, Cat-S did not mobilize intracellular Ca(2+), activate ERK1/2, recruit ?-arrestins, or induce PAR2 endocytosis. Cat-S caused PAR2-dependent activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in Xenopus laevis oocytes, HEK cells and nociceptive neurons, and stimulated neuronal hyperexcitability by adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A-dependent mechanisms. Intraplantar injection of Cat-S caused inflammation and hyperalgesia in mice that was attenuated by PAR2 or TRPV4 deletion and adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Cat-S and PAR2 antagonists suppressed formalin-induced inflammation and pain, which implicates endogenous Cat-S and PAR2 in inflammatory pain. Our results identify Cat-S as a biased agonist of PAR2 that causes PAR2- and TRPV4-dependent inflammation and pain. They expand the role of PAR2 as a mediator of protease-driven inflammatory pain.
APA:
Zhao, P., Lieu, T., Barlow, N., Metcalf, M., Veldhuis, N.A., Jensen, D.D.,... Bunnett, N.W. (2014). Cathepsin S causes inflammatory pain via biased agonism of PAR2 and TRPV4. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289(39), 27215-34. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.599712
MLA:
Zhao, Peishen, et al. "Cathepsin S causes inflammatory pain via biased agonism of PAR2 and TRPV4." Journal of Biological Chemistry 289.39 (2014): 27215-34.
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