Gamma/hadron discrimination using a small-WCD with four PMTs

Conceição R, Assis P, Assunção F, Bakalová A, Barres de Almeida U, Bom CR, Correia J, De Angelis A, Dias L, González BS, Guillén A, La Mura G, Lourenço N, Machado P, Marques S, Mendes L, Pimenta M, Shellard R, Tomé B, Vicha J, Abreu P, Albert A, Angüner EO, Arcaro C, Arnaldi LH, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Batković I, Bellido J, Belmont-Moreno E, Bisconti F, Blanco A, Bohacova M, Bottacini E, Bretz T, Brisbois C, Brogueira P, Brown AM, Bulik T, Caballero Mora KS, Campos SM, Chiavassa A, Chytka L, Consolati G, Cotzomi Paleta J, Dasso S, De Bom CR, de la Fuente E, de Souza V, Depaoli D, Di Sciascio G, Dib CO, Dorner D, Doro M, Du Vernois M, Ergin T, Fan KL, Fraija N, Funk S, García JI, García-González JA, García Roca ST, Giacinti G, Goksu H, Guarino F, Haist F, Hansen PM, Harding JP, Hinton J, Hofmann W, Hona B, Hoyos D, Huentemeyer P, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Insolia A, Janecek P, Joshi V, Khelifi B, Kunwar S, Lapington J, Laspiur MR, Leitl F, Longo F, Lopes L, López-Coto R, Mandat D, Mariazzi AG, Mariotti M, Marques Moraes A, Martínez-Castro J, Martínez-Huerta H, May S, Melo DG, Mendes LF, Mendes LM, Mineeva T, Mitchell A, Mohan S, Morales Olivares OG, Moreno-Barbosa E, Nellen L, Novotny V, Olivera-Nieto L, Orlando E, Pech M, Pichel A, Portes de Albuquerque M, Prandini E, Rado Cuchills MS, Reisenegger A, Reville B, Rho CD, Rovero AC, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salazar GA, Sandoval A, Santander M, Schoorlemmer H, Schüssler F, Serrano VH, Shellard RC, Sinha A, Smith AJ, Surajbali P, Torres Aguilar I, van Eldik C, Vergara-Quispe ID, Viana A, Vigorito CF, Wang X, Werner F, White R, Zamalloa Jara MA (2022)

Publication Type: Conference contribution

Publication year: 2022

Journal

Publisher: Sissa Medialab Srl

Book Volume: 395

Conference Proceedings Title: Proceedings of Science

Event location: Virtual, Berlin

Abstract

The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) is the next-generation gamma-ray observatory, currently in an R&D phase. The experiment is expected to have a large array of water Cherenkov detectors (WCD) placed at a high elevation (> 4.4 km a.s.l.) in South America. Here we present a WCD concept with reduced surface area and height of stations comprising four PMTs at the bottom. We show that it is possible to reach an excellent gamma/hadron discrimination by analysing the data gathered by this station with machine learning techniques. Such performance can be achieved by analysing the shower patterns at the ground or through the PMTs signal time structure to tag muons. Moreover, it is shown that the station's performance does not depend on the array configuration (dense or sparse) nor on the shower inclination (θ< 40^◦). Such a concept reduces the cost associated with the transport of massive amounts of water to high elevation sites while keeping a high physics performance. Therefore, it could be a good candidate station for SWGO, enabling to reach good sensitivities from low energies (∼ 100 GeV) up to the PeV region, covering large ground surface areas (few square km).

Authors with CRIS profile

Involved external institutions

Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE) Argentina (AR) University of Padua / Universita degli Studi di Padova Italy (IT) Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR) / Akademie věd České republiky (AVČR) Czech Republic (CZ) University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) United States (USA) (US) University of Turin / Università degli Studi di Torino (UNITO) Italy (IT) Los Alamos National Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Brazilian Center for Physics Research / Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) Brazil (BR) Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC) Peru (PE) Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics / Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP) Portugal (PT) University of Utah United States (USA) (US) Universidad Nacional de Salta Argentina (AR) Bariloche Atomic Centre / Centro Atómico Bariloche Argentina (AR) Politecnico di Milano Italy (IT) The University of Alabama United States (USA) (US) Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) / National Atomic Energy Commission Argentina (AR) National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico / Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México Mexico (MX) Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK) / Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics Germany (DE) Aix-Marseille University / Aix-Marseille Université France (FR) National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics / Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE) Mexico (MX) Institute of Research into the Fundamental Laws of the Universe / Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'univers (IRFU) France (FR) University of São Paulo / Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Brazil (BR) Universidad de Granada Spain (ES) Universidade de Coimbra Portugal (PT) Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) / Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla Mexico (MX) Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH) Mexico (MX) Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH) Mexico (MX) University of Wisconsin - Madison United States (USA) (US) National Institute for Astrophysics / Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF) Italy (IT) Universidad de Guadalajara (UDEG) Mexico (MX) Universidad Técnica Frederico Santa María Chile (CL) Durham University United Kingdom (GB) TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute / TÜBİTAK Uzay Teknolojileri Araştırma Enstitüsü Turkey (TR) National Autonomous University of Mexico / Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Mexico (MX) Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen Germany (DE) University of Warsaw / Uniwersytet Warszawski Poland (PL) Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ) / Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich Switzerland (CH) University of Leicester United Kingdom (GB) Université Sorbonne Paris Cité France (FR) Michigan Technological University United States (USA) (US) Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM) Mexico (MX) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Germany (DE) National University of La Plata / Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) Argentina (AR) Università degli Studi di Trieste Italy (IT) Università degli Studi di Catania Italy (IT) Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Italy (IT) Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM) Mexico (MX) University of Montpellier / Université Montpellier France (FR) Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (UMCE) Chile (CL) University of Seoul (UOS) / 서울시립대학교 Korea, Republic of (KR)

How to cite

APA:

Conceição, R., Assis, P., Assunção, F., Bakalová, A., Barres de Almeida, U., Bom, C.R.,... Zamalloa Jara, M.A. (2022). Gamma/hadron discrimination using a small-WCD with four PMTs. In Proceedings of Science. Virtual, Berlin, DE: Sissa Medialab Srl.

MLA:

Conceição, R., et al. "Gamma/hadron discrimination using a small-WCD with four PMTs." Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021, Virtual, Berlin Sissa Medialab Srl, 2022.

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