Proteins from Modern and Ancient Wheat Cultivars: Impact on Immune Cells of Healthy Individuals and Patients with NCGS
Dieterich W, Schuster C, Gundel P, Scherf KA, Pronin D, Geisslitz S, Boerner A, Neurath M, Zopf Y (2022)
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2022
Journal
Book Volume: 14
Journal Issue: 20
DOI: 10.3390/nu14204257
Abstract
In non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), the elimination of wheat results in a clear symptom improvement, but gluten has still not been proven as (the sole) trigger. Due to the increase in the prevalence of gluten-related diseases, the breeding of high-performance wheat cultivars is discussed as a trigger. To analyze the immune stimulation and signal pathways, the immune cells of healthy subjects and patients with NCGS were stimulated with gliadins from wheat, and the expression and secretion of interleukin 1ss (IL1ss) and interleukin 6 (IL6) were studied. To determine the impact of wheat breeding, the monocyte cell line THP1 and human immune cells were stimulated with gliadin, glutenin, and albumin/globulin fractions of ancient and modern cereals, and expression of inflammatory molecules was checked. Immune cells of patients with NCGS showed an increased expression of IL1ss and IL6 after stimulation with gliadins compared to immune cells of healthy controls. Gliadins caused a strong activation of P-STAT3 in immune cells of healthy controls, and inhibitors of JAK and NF kappa B pathways considerably reduced this response. In addition to gliadins, we further showed that glutenins and albumin/globulins from all wheat cultivars from the last century, and especially from einkorn and spelt, also markedly induced the expression of inflammatory genes in THP1 and human immune cells. There was no correlation between enhanced immune stimulation and ancient or modern cultivars. This does not support the hypothesis that modern wheat breeding is responsible for the increase in gluten-related diseases. An altered immune situation is suggested in patients with NCGS.
Authors with CRIS profile
Walburga Dieterich
Department of Medicine 1 – Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology
Markus Neurath
Lehrstuhl für Innere Medizin I
Yurdagül Zopf
Professur für Integrative Medizin mit dem Schwerpunkt Ernährungsmedizin (Stiftungsprofessur der Hector Stiftung II gGmbH)
Involved external institutions
Technische Universität München (TUM)
Germany (DE)
Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK) / Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
Germany (DE)
Germany (DE)
Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK) / Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
Germany (DE)
How to cite
APA:
Dieterich, W., Schuster, C., Gundel, P., Scherf, K.A., Pronin, D., Geisslitz, S.,... Zopf, Y. (2022). Proteins from Modern and Ancient Wheat Cultivars: Impact on Immune Cells of Healthy Individuals and Patients with NCGS. Nutrients, 14(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204257
MLA:
Dieterich, Walburga, et al. "Proteins from Modern and Ancient Wheat Cultivars: Impact on Immune Cells of Healthy Individuals and Patients with NCGS." Nutrients 14.20 (2022).
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