Sleep as a random walk: a super-statistical analysis of EEG data across sleep stages

Metzner C, Schilling A, Traxdorf M, Schulze H, Krauß P (2021)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2021

Journal

Communications Biology Nature Research

Book Volume: 4

Journal Issue: 1

DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02912-6

Abstract

In clinical practice, human sleep is classified into stages, each associated with different levels of muscular activity and marked by characteristic patterns in the EEG signals. It is however unclear whether this subdivision into discrete stages with sharply defined boundaries is truly reflecting the dynamics of human sleep. To address this question, we consider one-channel EEG signals as heterogeneous random walks: stochastic processes controlled by hyper-parameters that are themselves time-dependent. We first demonstrate the heterogeneity of the random process by showing that each sleep stage has a characteristic distribution and temporal correlation function of the raw EEG signals. Next, we perform a super-statistical analysis by computing hyper-parameters, such as the standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness of the raw signal distributions, within subsequent 30-second epochs. It turns out that also the hyper-parameters have characteristic, sleep-stage-dependent distributions, which can be exploited for a simple Bayesian sleep stage detection. Moreover, we find that the hyper-parameters are not piece-wise constant, as the traditional hypnograms would suggest, but show rising or falling trends within and across sleep stages, pointing to an underlying continuous rather than sub-divided process that controls human sleep. Based on the hyper-parameters, we finally perform a pairwise similarity analysis between the different sleep stages, using a quantitative measure for the separability of data clusters in multi-dimensional spaces.

Authors with CRIS profile

Claus Metzner Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Achim Schilling Professur für Experimentelle HNO-Heilkunde Holger Schulze Professur für Experimentelle HNO-Heilkunde Patrick Krauß Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery

Involved external institutions

Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität AT Austria (AT)

How to cite

APA:

Metzner, C., Schilling, A., Traxdorf, M., Schulze, H., & Krauß, P. (2021). Sleep as a random walk: a super-statistical analysis of EEG data across sleep stages. Communications Biology, 4(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02912-6

MLA:

Metzner, Claus, et al. "Sleep as a random walk: a super-statistical analysis of EEG data across sleep stages." Communications Biology 4.1 (2021).

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