Beyond Survival: Factors Driving Textbook Outcome After Simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney Transplantation—A Retrospective Analysis

Mittelstädt A, Weber F, Brunner M, Krautz C, Struller F, Apel H, Wullich B, Heller KM, Opgenoorth M, Schiffer M, Grützmann R, Weber G (2026)


Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2026

Journal

Book Volume: 15

Article Number: 1465

Journal Issue: 4

DOI: 10.3390/jcm15041465

Abstract

Background: Simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation (SPK) is the standard treatment for selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease. Textbook Outcome (TO), a composite of perioperative and long-term quality indicators, provides a benchmark for optimal results. This study analyzed factors associated with failure to achieve TO after SPK. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 119 SPK recipients (1980–2022). TO was defined according to IQTIG criteria: (i) patient survival ≥ 3 years, (ii) insulin independence at discharge, (iii) kidney function at discharge (GFR ≥ 20 mL/min), (iv) insulin-free survival ≥ 3 years, and (v) sustained kidney function ≥ 3 years. Predictors of TO failure were identified by logistic regression. Long-term survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: Ninety-two patients were eligible for TO assessment; 52% achieved TO. Compared with TO patients, non-TO patients had older donors (median 30 vs. 25.5 years, p = 0.017), older recipients (44 vs. 39 years, p = 0.012), longer kidney cold ischemia time (CIT; 13.0 vs. 9.7 h, p = 0.005), and more pancreatic complications (p = 0.009). In multivariate analysis, donor age (OR 1.050, p = 0.030) and kidney CIT (OR 1.180, p = 0.029) independently predicted TO failure. Cut-offs were donor age ≤ 37 years and kidney CIT ≤ 11.5 h. Patients achieving TO had significantly better long-term survival (15 years, p = 0.0077). Conclusions: Younger donor age and shorter kidney CIT independently predict TO achievement, which is associated with superior long-term survival. Optimized donor selection and perioperative management may improve SPK outcomes.

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How to cite

APA:

Mittelstädt, A., Weber, F., Brunner, M., Krautz, C., Struller, F., Apel, H.,... Weber, G. (2026). Beyond Survival: Factors Driving Textbook Outcome After Simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney Transplantation—A Retrospective Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041465

MLA:

Mittelstädt, Anke, et al. "Beyond Survival: Factors Driving Textbook Outcome After Simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney Transplantation—A Retrospective Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 15.4 (2026).

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