Genetics of CAKUT

Hilger A, Westland R, Hoefele J (2026)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2026

Journal

Medizinische Genetik Berufsverband Medizinische Genetik e.V.

Book Volume: 38

Pages Range: 3-10

Journal Issue: 1

DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2025-2053

Abstract

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a heterogeneous group of developmental disorders and are the leading cause of pediatric chronic kidney disease worldwide. The phenotypic spectrum is broad, encompassing kidney agenesis, hypodysplasia, multicystic dysplastic kidneys, vesicoureteral reflux, obstructive uropathies, and other malformations affecting the kidneys, ureters, and urethra. Advances in genetics have begun to unravel the molecular pathways underlying these diverse phenotypes, yet the complexity of CAKUT reflects contributions from both monogenic variants and multifactorial causes. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the genetic causes of CAKUT, beginning with fundamental principles of kidney and urinary tract development, and then focusing on major discoveries in the past ten years. We aim to summarize key genetic findings, with an emphasis on genotype–phenotype correlations and developmental pathways, highlight emerging mechanisms, and discuss their implications for diagnosis, counseling, and clinical management.

Authors with CRIS profile

Alina Hilger Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

Involved external institutions

University of Amsterdam NL Netherlands (NL) Klinikum der Universität München (LMU Klinikum) DE Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Hilger, A., Westland, R., & Hoefele, J. (2026). Genetics of CAKUT. Medizinische Genetik, 38(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1515/medgen-2025-2053

MLA:

Hilger, Alina, Rik Westland, and Julia Hoefele. "Genetics of CAKUT." Medizinische Genetik 38.1 (2026): 3-10.

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