Infectious diseases, infection control, vaccines and long-term care: an European interdisciplinary Council on ageing consensus document.

Veronese N, Barratt J, Coemans E, Dayananda P, Del Riccio M, Fulop T, Gabutti G, Gravenstein S, Hiligsmann M, Hummers E, Kassianos G, Macchia F, Manzoni P, Martin FC, Michel JP, Morandi A, Ory J, Pattyn J, Peetermans E, Polidori MC, Riccò M, Sieber C, Torres A, van Essen GA, Maggi S (2026)

Publication Language: English

Publication Type: Journal article, Review article

Publication year: 2026

Journal

Book Volume: 38

Journal Issue: 1

DOI: 10.1007/s40520-025-03271-6

Abstract

The accelerating ageing of populations worldwide presents profound challenges for public health, particularly within long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Older adults, often burdened by multimorbidity, frailty, and immunosenescence, are highly vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases such as influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pertussis, and herpes zoster (HZ). Despite the availability of effective vaccines, immunization coverage in LTCFs remains inadequate, hindered by fragmented national policies, insufficient mandates, and systemic neglect of adult vaccination. In many settings, vaccination uptake is not even systematically monitored, leaving policymakers and clinicians without reliable data to identify gaps or measure progress. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored these vulnerabilities, temporarily spurring emergency vaccination efforts but failing to establish sustainable, life-course immunization frameworks. This consensus document, developed by the European Interdisciplinary Council on Ageing (EICA) following the San Servolo (Venice, Italy) 2025 meeting, synthesizes evidence on intrinsic and environmental infection risk factors in LTCFs, the health and economic burden of infections, and the persistent gaps in vaccine uptake among both residents and staff. We highlight the cost-effectiveness of preventive interventions, the critical role of non-pharmacological infection control measures, and the need to address antimicrobial resistance through integrated vaccination strategies. The Council emphasizes that routine adult vaccination must become a structural element of care planning for ageing populations, supported by digital registries, systematic assessments at LTC admission, co-administration strategies, and robust staff engagement. Stronger global and national policy leadership is urgently needed to align LTCF immunization with life-course approaches and primary healthcare integration. Protecting frail older adults from infectious diseases is not only a clinical necessity but also a societal obligation-central to safeguarding dignity, resilience, and healthy ageing in Europe and beyond.

Authors with CRIS profile

Involved external institutions

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) / National Research Council of Italy Italy (IT) Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale die Reggio Emilia Italy (IT) Hasselt University / Universiteit Hasselt Belgium (BE) Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) United States (USA) (US) Brown University United States (USA) (US) Geneva University Hospitals / Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève (HUG) Switzerland (CH) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) / University of Barcelona Spain (ES) Università degli Studi di Brescia Italy (IT) British Global and Travel Health Association (BGTHA) United Kingdom (GB) ASL Biella - Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Biella Italy (IT) Maastricht University Netherlands (NL) Università degli Studi di Firenze / University of Florence Italy (IT) Università degli Studi di Palermo Italy (IT) Adult Immunization Board (AiB) Belgium (BE) emeis France (FR) Universitätsklinikum Köln Germany (DE) Universitätsklinikum Göttingen Germany (DE) Imperial College London / The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine United Kingdom (GB)

How to cite

APA:

Veronese, N., Barratt, J., Coemans, E., Dayananda, P., Del Riccio, M., Fulop, T.,... Maggi, S. (2026). Infectious diseases, infection control, vaccines and long-term care: an European interdisciplinary Council on ageing consensus document. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-025-03271-6

MLA:

Veronese, Nicola, et al. "Infectious diseases, infection control, vaccines and long-term care: an European interdisciplinary Council on ageing consensus document." Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 38.1 (2026).

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