Unilateral and bilateral ex vivo cleft lip models: universal tools for surgical training at different levels of experience

Vogl C, Schulz K, Olmos M, Weber M, Möst T, Kesting MR, Lutz R (2025)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2025

Journal

Book Volume: 21

Article Number: 86

Journal Issue: 1

DOI: 10.1186/s13005-025-00565-y

Abstract

Introduction: Our group has recently established the first ex vivo cadaveric models to simulate unilateral and bilateral cleft lip surgery. We have shown that these porcine snout disc models are suitable for novice cleft surgeons to understand the basic principles of cleft lip surgery and to practice the essential surgical steps. In this study we want to show that the ex vivo cleft lip models are not only suitable and helpful for residents, but also for students and experienced surgeons with and without experience in cleft surgery. Methods: Three courses were held to evaluate the ex vivo cleft lip models: One for oral and maxillofacial surgeons from German cleft centers and two courses for dental students. All operated on the unilateral and bilateral ex vivo cleft lip models using the Millard technique. Questionnaires were used to assess their subjective opinion of the ex vivo cleft lip models. Tasks for the students were carried out to objectify their learning success. Three-dimensional scans were taken and analyzed using a previously validated intraoral scanner to objectively assess the outcome. Results: The ex vivo cleft lip models are suitable for the training of students and experienced surgeons with varying levels of experience in cleft lip repair. Both models were rated as realistic in terms of tissue resemblance, surgical planning, and surgical management. In addition, the specialists rated the models as realistic overall. The models also provide students with several advantages, such as improved surgical skills and a better understanding of cleft surgery. Participants felt that the models should be made available not only to residents, but also to consultants and senior consultants and should be implicated in the dental curriculum. Conclusion: The ex vivo cleft lip models made of porcine snout discs are suitable for a wide range of users starting from students to experienced surgeons to train in cleft lip surgery. The great advantage of these models is that experienced surgeons can work with an inexpensive and readily available model to improve their skills and modify their techniques.

Authors with CRIS profile

Involved external institutions

Philipps-Universität Marburg Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Vogl, C., Schulz, K., Olmos, M., Weber, M., Möst, T., Kesting, M.R., & Lutz, R. (2025). Unilateral and bilateral ex vivo cleft lip models: universal tools for surgical training at different levels of experience. Head & Face Medicine, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13005-025-00565-y

MLA:

Vogl, Christoph, et al. "Unilateral and bilateral ex vivo cleft lip models: universal tools for surgical training at different levels of experience." Head & Face Medicine 21.1 (2025).

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