Attention-Based Fusion of IQ and FFT Spectrograms with AoA Features for GNSS Jammer Localization

Heublein L, Wielenberg C, Nowak T, Feigl T, Mutschler C, Ott F (2025)

Publication Type: Conference contribution

Publication year: 2025

Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Pages Range: 865-870

Conference Proceedings Title: Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference

Event location: Krakow, POL

ISBN: 9798331544331

DOI: 10.1109/RadarConf2559087.2025.11204959

Abstract

Jamming devices disrupt signals from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and pose a significant threat by compromising the reliability of accurate positioning. Consequently, the detection and localization of these interference signals are essential to achieve situational awareness, mitigating their impact, and implementing effective counter-measures. Classical Angle of Arrival (AoA) methods exhibit reduced accuracy in multipath environments due to signal reflections and scattering, leading to localization errors. Additionally, AoA-based techniques demand substantial computational resources for array signal processing. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for detecting and classifying interference while estimating the distance, azimuth, and elevation of jamming sources. Our benchmark study evaluates 128 vision encoder and time-series models to identify the highest-performing methods for each task. We introduce an attention-based fusion framework that integrates in-phase and quadrature (IQ) samples with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)computed spectrograms while incorporating 22 AoA features to enhance localization accuracy. Furthermore, we present a novel dataset of moving jamming devices recorded in an indoor environment with dynamic multipath conditions and demonstrate superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Authors with CRIS profile

Tobias Feigl
Christopher Mutschler

Involved external institutions

Fraunhofer-Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen (IIS) DE Germany (DE) Diehl Stiftung & Co. KG DE Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Heublein, L., Wielenberg, C., Nowak, T., Feigl, T., Mutschler, C., & Ott, F. (2025). Attention-Based Fusion of IQ and FFT Spectrograms with AoA Features for GNSS Jammer Localization. In Marek Rupniewski, Shannon Blunt, Jacek Misiurewicz, Maria Sabrina Greco, Braham Himed (Eds.), Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference (pp. 865-870). Krakow, POL: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

MLA:

Heublein, Lucas, et al. "Attention-Based Fusion of IQ and FFT Spectrograms with AoA Features for GNSS Jammer Localization." Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE Radar Conference, RadarConf 2025, Krakow, POL Ed. Marek Rupniewski, Shannon Blunt, Jacek Misiurewicz, Maria Sabrina Greco, Braham Himed, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2025. 865-870.

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