From sync to seizure: A binary instrumentation-based evaluation of the iCloud backup process

Geus J, Gruber J, Wozar J, Freiling F (2025)


Publication Language: English

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2025

Journal

Book Volume: 54

Pages Range: 1-10

Article Number: 301978

URI: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666281725001179

DOI: 10.1016/j.fsidi.2025.301978

Open Access Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsidi.2025.301978

Abstract

Mobile phone data is crucial for gathering investigative leads and solving cases in most criminal investigations. An increasingly common method for collecting mobile data as evidence is acquiring phone backups stored in manufacturer cloud services. However, the reliability of this evidence source compared to the original device has yet to be thoroughly assessed. In this work, we investigate the accuracy and completeness of iOS backups stored in iCloud. We propose a novel evaluation methodology based on dynamic binary instrumentation, enabling precise tracking of backup contents during the restore process. Using this approach, we compare a full file system extraction and a local backup of an iOS device to a backup downloaded from iCloud and restored on a test device. Our analysis reveals significant discrepancies in timestamp information and minor differences in user data—both critical considerations when analyzing iOS backups in criminal investigations.

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How to cite

APA:

Geus, J., Gruber, J., Wozar, J., & Freiling, F. (2025). From sync to seizure: A binary instrumentation-based evaluation of the iCloud backup process. Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, 54, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsidi.2025.301978

MLA:

Geus, Julian, et al. "From sync to seizure: A binary instrumentation-based evaluation of the iCloud backup process." Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation 54 (2025): 1-10.

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