A dynamic mid-crustal magma domain revealed by the 2023 to 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruptions in Iceland

Matthews SW, Caracciolo A, Bali E, Halldórsson SA, Sigmarsson O, Guðfinnsson GH, Pedersen GB, Robin JG, Marshall EW, Aden AA, Gísladóttir BÝ, Bosq C, Auclair D, Merrill H, Levillayer N, Löw N, Rúnarsdóttir RH, Johnson SM, Steinþórsson S, Drouin V (2024)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2024

Journal

Science American Association for the Advancement of Science

Book Volume: 386

Pages Range: 309-314

Journal Issue: 6719

DOI: 10.1126/science.adp8778

Abstract

Mid-crustal magma domains are the source of many basaltic eruptions. Lavas from individual eruptions are often chemically homogeneous, suggesting that they derive from single, well-mixed magma reservoirs. The 2023 to 2024 eruptions at Sundhnúksgígar in the Svartsengi volcanic system in Iceland provide an opportunity to observe the behavior of a mid-crustal magma domain at high spatial and temporal resolution by detailed sampling and geochemical characterization. We observed substantial mantle-derived geochemical variability in the products erupted in the first hours of the December 2023 and January, February, and March to May 2024 eruptions, indicating that the eruptions derived from multiple magma reservoirs, which mineral-melt equilibration pressures place in the mid crust. The unusual presence of geochemical heterogeneity in the mid-crustal magma domain provides insights into how dynamic and complex mid-crustal magma domains can be.

Additional Organisation(s)

GeoZentrum Nordbayern

Involved external institutions

Nordic Volcanological Center (NordVulk) IS Iceland (IS) Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) / Veðurstofa Íslands IS Iceland (IS) Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV) FR France (FR)

How to cite

APA:

Matthews, S.W., Caracciolo, A., Bali, E., Halldórsson, S.A., Sigmarsson, O., Guðfinnsson, G.H.,... Drouin, V. (2024). A dynamic mid-crustal magma domain revealed by the 2023 to 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruptions in Iceland. Science, 386(6719), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp8778

MLA:

Matthews, Simon W., et al. "A dynamic mid-crustal magma domain revealed by the 2023 to 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruptions in Iceland." Science 386.6719 (2024): 309-314.

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