Dermatologist-like explainable AI enhances trust and confidence in diagnosing melanoma

Brinker TJ, Chanda T, Hauser K, Hobelsberger S, Bucher TC, Garcia CN, Wies C, Kittler H, Tschandl P, Navarrete Dechent C, Podlipnik S, Chousakos E, Crnaric I, Majstorovic J, Alhajwan L, Foreman T, Peternel S, Sarap S, Özdemir İ, Barnhill RL, Llamas-Velasco M, Poch G, Korsing S, Sondermann W, Gellrich FF, Heppt M, Erdmann M, Haferkamp S, Drexler K, Goebeler M, Schilling B, Utikal JS, Ghoreschi K, Fröhling S, Krieghoff-Henning E, Salava A, Thiem A, Dimitrios A, Ammar AM, Vučemilović AS, Yoshimura AM, Ilieva A, Gesierich A, Reimer-Taschenbrecker A, Kolios AG, Kalva A, Ferhatosmanoğlu A, Beyens A, Pföhler C, Erdil DI, Jovanovic D, Racz E, Bechara FG, Vaccaro F, Dimitriou F, Rasulova G, Cenk H, Yanatma I, Kolm I, Hoorens I, Sheshova IP, Jocic I, Knuever J, Fleißner J, Thamm JR, Dahlberg J, Lluch-Galcerá JJ, Figueroa JSA, Holzgruber J, Welzel J, Damevska K, Mayer KE, Maul LV, Garzona-Navas L, Bley LI, Schmitt L, Reipen L, Shafik L, Petrovska L, Golle L, Jopen L, Gogilidze M, Burg MR, Morales-Sánchez MA, Sławińska M, Mengoni M, Dragolov M, Iglesias-Pena N, Booken N, Enechukwu NA, Persa OD, Oninla OA, Theofilogiannakou P, Kage P, Neto RRO, Peralta R, Afiouni R, Schuh S, Schnabl-Scheu S, Vural S, Hudson S, Saa SR, Hartmann S, Damevska S, Finck S, Braun SA, Hartmann T, Welponer T, Sotirovski T, Bondare-Ansberga V, Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Frings VG, Simeonovski V, Zafirovik Z, Maul JT, Lehr S, Wobser M, Debus D, Riad H, Pereira MP, Lengyel Z, Balcere A, Tsakiri A, Braun RP (2024)

Publication Language: English

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2024

Journal

Book Volume: 15

Article Number: 524

Journal Issue: 1

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43095-4

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been shown to help dermatologists diagnose melanoma more accurately, however they lack transparency, hindering user acceptance. Explainable AI (XAI) methods can help to increase transparency, yet often lack precise, domain-specific explanations. Moreover, the impact of XAI methods on dermatologists’ decisions has not yet been evaluated. Building upon previous research, we introduce an XAI system that provides precise and domain-specific explanations alongside its differential diagnoses of melanomas and nevi. Through a three-phase study, we assess its impact on dermatologists’ diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic confidence, and trust in the XAI-support. Our results show strong alignment between XAI and dermatologist explanations. We also show that dermatologists’ confidence in their diagnoses, and their trust in the support system significantly increase with XAI compared to conventional AI. This study highlights dermatologists’ willingness to adopt such XAI systems, promoting future use in the clinic.

Authors with CRIS profile

Involved external institutions

Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität Austria (AT) Riga 1st hospital / Rīgas 1. slimnīca Latvia (LV) Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Germany (DE) Universitätsklinikum Freiburg Germany (DE) Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg Germany (DE) Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Germany (DE) Medizinische Universität Wien Austria (AT) Sisters of Charity Hospital / Klinički Bolnički Centar Sestre Milosrdnice (KBCSM) Croatia (HR) Dubai London Clinic & Speciality Hospital United Arab Emirates (AE) Sveučilište u Rijeci / University of Rijeka Croatia (HR) Evangelismos Medical Center Greece (GR) University Hospital Split Croatia (HR) Special Hospital for Surgical Diseases Zan Mitrev Clinic / Специјална болница по хируршки болести "Жан Митрев Клиника" / Specijalna bolnica po hirurški bolesti "Zan Mitrev Klinika" Republic of North Macedonia (MK) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) / University of Barcelona Spain (ES) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Spain (ES) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany (DE) Universitätsklinikum Essen Germany (DE) Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden Germany (DE) Universitätsklinikum Regensburg Germany (DE) Northwestern University United States (USA) (US) Universitätsspital Zürich (USZ) Switzerland (CH) Rīga Stradiņš University Latvia (LV) University Hospital Ghent Belgium (BE) Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (UKS) Germany (DE) Koç-Universität (KU) Turkey (TR) Fethiye State Hospital / Fethiye Devlet Hastanesi Turkey (TR) Dermatology Aesthetic Clinic Dr.Iskra Republic of North Macedonia (MK) Military Medical Academy (Serbia) / Војномедицинска академија / Vojnomedicinska akademija (VMA) Serbia (RS) Universitätsklinikum Augsburg Germany (DE) University Hospital of Umeå / Norrlands universitetssjukhus (NUS) Sweden (SE) Health Sciences Research Institute of the “Germans Trias i Pujol” Foundation (IGTP) Spain (ES) Universidad del Desarrollo Chile (CL) Kepler Universitätsklinikum (KUK) Austria (AT) Technische Universität München (TUM) Germany (DE) Universitätsspital Basel Switzerland (CH) Hospital Clínica Bíblica Costa Rica (CR) Universitätsklinikum Münster Germany (DE) Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Germany (DE) Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg A.ö.R. Germany (DE) Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) Germany (DE) Medical University Gdansk / Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny Poland (PL) Obafemi Awolowo University Nigeria (NG) Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil (BR) Technische Universität Dresden Germany (DE) Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital Bulgaria (BG) Universitätsklinikum Tübingen Germany (DE) Newport Beach Surgery Center United States (USA) (US) Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH) / Helsingin seudun yliopistollinen keskussairaala (HYKS) Finland (FI) Universitätsmedizin Rostock Germany (DE) Al-Azhar University Egypt (EG) Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) / University of Campinas Brazil (BR) Gazi University Turkey (TR) Institut Curie France (FR) Universitätsklinikum Mannheim Germany (DE) Karadeniz Technical University / Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi (KTU) Turkey (TR) Taksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Turkey (TR) University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) / Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen Netherlands (NL) Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) Germany (DE) University of Messina / Università degli Studi di Messina Italy (IT) Pamukkale University / Pamukkale Üniversitesi (PAU) Turkey (TR) Universitätsklinikum Köln Germany (DE) Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje / Универзитет „Св. Кирил и Методиј“ во Скопје Republic of North Macedonia (MK) East Surrey Hospital United Kingdom (GB) Clinical Hospital Shtip Republic of North Macedonia (MK) Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale) Germany (DE) Clinic Kani Georgia (GE) Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nigeria (NG) Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) / University of Buenos Aires Argentina (AR) Klinikum Stuttgart Germany (DE) University of Pécs / Pécsi Tudományegyetem Hungary (HU) Pontifical Catholic University of Chile / Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Chile (CL) National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece (GR) Université Saint-Joseph (USJ) / جامعة القديس يوسف / Սուրբ Ժոզեֆի համալսարան Lebanon (LB)

How to cite

APA:

Brinker, T.J., Chanda, T., Hauser, K., Hobelsberger, S., Bucher, T.C., Garcia, C.N.,... Braun, R.P. (2024). Dermatologist-like explainable AI enhances trust and confidence in diagnosing melanoma. Nature Communications, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43095-4

MLA:

Brinker, Titus J., et al. "Dermatologist-like explainable AI enhances trust and confidence in diagnosing melanoma." Nature Communications 15.1 (2024).

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