SUSTAIN drilling at Surtsey volcano, Iceland, tracks hydrothermal and microbiological interactions in basalt 50 years after eruption

Jackson MD, Gudmundsson MT, Weisenberger TB, Michael Rhodes J, Stefánsson A, Kleine BI, Lippert PC, Marquardt JM, Reynolds HI, Kück J, Marteinsson VT, Vannier P, Bach W, Barich A, Bergsten P, Bryce JG, Cappelletti P, Couper S, Fahnestock MF, Gorny CF, Grimaldi C, Groh M, Gudmundsson Á, Gunnlaugsson ÁT, Hamlin C, Högnadóttir T, Jónasson K, Jónsson SS, Jørgensen SL, Klonowski AM, Marshall B, Massey E, McPhie J, Moore JG, Ólafsson ES, Onstad SL, Perez V, Prause S, Snorrason SP, Türke A, White JD, Zimanowski B (2019)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2019

Journal

Book Volume: 25

Pages Range: 35-46

DOI: 10.5194/sd-25-35-2019

Abstract

The 2017 Surtsey Underwater volcanic System for Thermophiles, Alteration processes and INnovative concretes (SUSTAIN) drilling project at Surtsey volcano, sponsored in part by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), provides precise observations of the hydrothermal, geochemical, geomagnetic, and microbiological changes that have occurred in basaltic tephra and minor intrusions since explosive and effusive eruptions produced the oceanic island in 1963-1967. Two vertically cored boreholes, to 152 and 192m below the surface, were drilled using filtered, UV-sterilized seawater circulating fluid to minimize microbial contamination. These cores parallel a 181m core drilled in 1979. Introductory investigations indicate changes in material properties and whole-rock compositions over the past 38 years. A Surtsey subsurface observatory installed to 181m in one vertical borehole holds incubation experiments that monitor in situ mineralogical and microbial alteration processes at 25-124 °C. A third cored borehole, inclined 55° in a 264° azimuthal direction to 354m measured depth, provides further insights into eruption processes, including the presence of a diatreme that extends at least 100m into the seafloor beneath the Surtur crater. The SUSTAIN project provides the first time-lapse drilling record into a very young oceanic basaltic volcano over a range of temperatures, 25-141 °C from 1979 to 2017, and subaerial and submarine hydrothermal fluid compositions. Rigorous procedures undertaken during the drilling operation protected the sensitive environment of the Surtsey Natural Preserve.

Authors with CRIS profile

Involved external institutions

Iceland GeoSurvey / Íslenskar orkurannsóknir (ÍSOR) Iceland (IS) University of Iceland (UI) / Háskóli Íslands Iceland (IS) University of Bergen / Universitetet i Bergen Norway (NO) DOSECC Exploration Services United States (USA) (US) University of Tasmania (UTAS) Australia (AU) United States Geological Survey (USGS) United States (USA) (US) Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Italy (IT) University of New Hampshire United States (USA) (US) Icelandic Institute of Natural History (IINH) Iceland (IS) Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum - GFZ Germany (DE) Matís Iceland (IS) University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) United States (USA) (US) Universität Bremen Germany (DE) University of Utah United States (USA) (US) VERKÍS Iceland (IS) University of Otago New Zealand (NZ) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Jackson, M.D., Gudmundsson, M.T., Weisenberger, T.B., Michael Rhodes, J., Stefánsson, A., Kleine, B.I.,... Zimanowski, B. (2019). SUSTAIN drilling at Surtsey volcano, Iceland, tracks hydrothermal and microbiological interactions in basalt 50 years after eruption. Scientific Drilling , 25, 35-46. https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-35-2019

MLA:

Jackson, Marie D., et al. "SUSTAIN drilling at Surtsey volcano, Iceland, tracks hydrothermal and microbiological interactions in basalt 50 years after eruption." Scientific Drilling 25 (2019): 35-46.

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