Anatomical variations of the biceps brachii insertion: a proposal for a new classification.

Szewczyk B, Paulsen F, LaPrade RF, Borowski A, Zielinska N, Olewnik (2023)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2023

Journal

Folia Morphologica Wydawnictwo Via Medica

Book Volume: 82

Pages Range: 359-367

Journal Issue: 2

DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0022

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The biceps brachii (BB) muscle is one of the three muscles located in the anterior compartment of the arm. Its insertion consists of two parts. The first part - main tendon - attached in the radial tuberosity and the second part - lacertus fibrosus (LF) - in the fascia of the forearm flexors. The intention of research was to reveal the morphological diversity of the insertion of this muscle. Thanks to the results of this work, have been created a classification of the distal attachment of BB. The results of that research can be used to further develop surgical procedures in the given region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty (40 left, and 40 right, 42 female, 38 male) upper limbs fixed in 10% formalin solution were examined. RESULTS: We observed three types of the insertion of the BB. Type I was characterised by a single tendon and occurred most frequently in 78.75% of the examined limbs. The second most common type was type II which was characterised by a double tendon and was observed in 13.75% of all the limbs. The last and least common was type III which was characterised by three tendons and occurred in 7.5% of the examined limbs. Additionally, the type of LF was analysed. In 8 (10%) specimens it was absent, i.e. in 2 specimens with type II insertion and 6 specimens with type III (p = 0.0001). Therefore, it may be deduced that type III BB insertion tendon predisposes to LF deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: The BB tendon is characterised by high morphological variability. The new classification proposes three types of distal attachment: type I - one tendon; type II - two separated band-shaped tendons; type III - three separated band-shaped tendons. The presence of type III BB tendon predisposes to a lack of LF.

Authors with CRIS profile

Friedrich Paulsen Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle und Klinische Anatomie

Involved external institutions

Medical University of Łódź / Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi PL Poland (PL) Twin Cities Orthopaedics US United States (USA) (US)

How to cite

APA:

Szewczyk, B., Paulsen, F., LaPrade, R.F., Borowski, A., Zielinska, N., & Olewnik, . (2023). Anatomical variations of the biceps brachii insertion: a proposal for a new classification. Folia Morphologica, 82(2), 359-367. https://doi.org/10.5603/FM.a2022.0022

MLA:

Szewczyk, B., et al. "Anatomical variations of the biceps brachii insertion: a proposal for a new classification." Folia Morphologica 82.2 (2023): 359-367.

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