Graphene, other carbon nanomaterials and the immune system: Toward nanoimmunity-by-design

Gazzi A, Fusco L, Orecchioni M, Ferrari S, Franzoni G, Yan JS, Rieckher M, Peng G, Lucherelli MA, Anna Vacchi I, Ngoc Do Quyen Chau , Criado A, Istif A, Mancino D, Dominguez A, Eckert H, Vazquez E, Da Ros T, Nicolussi P, Palermo V, Schumacher B, Cuniberti G, Mai Y, Clementi C, Pasquali M, Feng X, Kostarelos K, Yilmazer A, Bedognetti D, Fadeel B, Prato M, Bianco A, Delogu LG (2020)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2020

Journal

Book Volume: 3

Article Number: 034009

Journal Issue: 3

DOI: 10.1088/2515-7639/ab9317

Abstract

Carbon-based materials (CBMs), such as graphene, nanodiamonds, carbon fibers, and carbon dots, have attracted a great deal scientific attention due to their potential as biomedical tools. Following exposure, particularly intravenous injection, these nanomaterials can be recognized by immune cells. Such interactions could be modulated by the different physicochemical properties of the materials (e.g. structure, size, and chemical functions), by either stimulating or suppressing the immune response. However, a harmonized cutting-edge approach for the classification of these materials based not only on their physicochemical parameters but also their immune properties has been missing. The European Commission-funded G-IMMUNOMICS and CARBO-IMmap projects aimed to fill this gap, developing a functional pipeline for the qualitative and quantitative immune characterization of graphene, graphene-related materials (GRMs), and other CBMs. The goal was to open breakthrough perspectives for the definition of the immune profiles of these materials. Here, we summarize our methodological approach, key results, and the necessary multidisciplinary expertise ranging across various fields, from material chemistry to engineering, immunology, toxicology, and systems biology. G-IMMUNOMICS, as a partnering project of the Graphene Flagship, the largest scientific research initiative on graphene worldwide, also complemented the studies performed in the Flagship on health and environmental impact of GRMs. Finally, we present the nanoimmunity-by-design concept, developed within the projects, which can be readily applied to other 2D materials. Overall, the G-IMMUNOMICS and CARBO-IMmap projects have provided new insights on the immune impact of GRMs and CBMs, thus laying the foundation for their safe use and future translation in medicine.

Involved external institutions

Università degli Studi di Trieste Italy (IT) La Jolla Institute for Immunology United States (USA) (US) Università degli Studi di Sassari (UNISS) Italy (IT) Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna Italy (IT) Rice University United States (USA) (US) Universität zu Köln Germany (DE) Karolinska Institute Sweden (SE) Université de Strasbourg (UDS) France (FR) CIC biomaGUNE (Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biomateriales) Spain (ES) Technische Universität Dresden Germany (DE) Universidade Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) Spain (ES) Shanghai Jiao Tong University / 上海交通大学 China (CN) University of Manchester United Kingdom (GB) Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Turkey (TR) Sidra Medical and Research Center Qatar (QA) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) / National Research Council of Italy Italy (IT) Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) Italy (IT)

How to cite

APA:

Gazzi, A., Fusco, L., Orecchioni, M., Ferrari, S., Franzoni, G., Yan, J.S.,... Delogu, L.G. (2020). Graphene, other carbon nanomaterials and the immune system: Toward nanoimmunity-by-design. JPhys Materials, 3(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7639/ab9317

MLA:

Gazzi, Arianna, et al. "Graphene, other carbon nanomaterials and the immune system: Toward nanoimmunity-by-design." JPhys Materials 3.3 (2020).

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