Frankenberger R, Strobel WO, Lohbauer U, Krämer N, Petschelt A (2009)
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2009
Book Volume: 21
Pages Range: 349-350
Journal Issue: 5
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water storage for up to 6 years on the push-out bond strength and marginal adaptation of dentin adhesives. Materials and Methods: Disks of 2-mm thickness were cut from the mid-coronal level of 360 extracted human third molars. A 2.3-diameter cylindrical cavity was prepared in the center of each disk. The dentin disks were embedded in an extrusion device using a temporary restorative material. They were assigned to eight groups of 45 for treatment with various adhesives. The adhesives used in the study were Syntac Classic (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with and without phosphoric acid etching, A.R.T. Bond (Coltène, Alstätten, Switzerland) with and without etching, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), EBS (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), Prime & Bond 2.0 (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), and Syntac Single-Component (Ivoclar Vivadent). Prime & Bond and Syntac Single-Component are both two-step etch-and-rinse systems that deliver primer and bonding agent simultaneously. The others include separate primer and bonding agent steps. After adhesive application, the cavities were restored with composite. The specimens were polished to 600 grit and stored in distilled water at 37C for 1 day, 90 days, or 6 years. After storage,the specimens were thermocycled and then subjected to push-out testing. Using a universal testing machine, this was accomplished by applying a rod to the composite until failure. Failure was defined as the loss of 30% of the maximum push-out force. Push-out bond strength was determined by calc ulating the quotient of maximum load and adhesion area. Impressions of the 6-year specimens were made after 1 and 90 days, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. Epoxy replicas were made and sputter-coated with gold. The restoration margins were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy at 200¥ magnification). A quantitative analysis of gap-free margins versus margins with gaps or irregularities was made using an image analysis system. Margin quality was expressed as the percentage of gap-free margins relative to the entire marginal length. Results: At 1 day, mean bond strengths ranged from 26.3 MPa for Prime & Bond 2.0 to 33.8 MPa for A.R.T. with etching. After 90 days of water storage, the mean bond strength of all adhesives remained constant. However, at 6 years, the bond strength of every adhesive had declined significantly. The loss of bond strength was more pronounced for the onebottle systems than for the three-step systems. In general, the marginal quality of the three-step systems was better than that of the two-step systems. Margins began to deteriorate more rapidly with the simpler systems and stabilized at approximately 50% continuous, gap-free margins. For the more complex systems, the gap-free margin percentage was approximately 80%.Conclusions: Etch-and-rinse multistep adhesives provide higher bond strengths and better marginal adaptation than two-step systems over 6 years of storage in water. © 2009, Wiley Periodials, inc..
APA:
Frankenberger, R., Strobel, W.O., Lohbauer, U., Krämer, N., & Petschelt, A. (2009). The effect of six years of water storage on resin composite bonding to human dentin. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 21(5), 349-350.
MLA:
Frankenberger, R., et al. "The effect of six years of water storage on resin composite bonding to human dentin." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 21.5 (2009): 349-350.
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