A modern look at a medieval bilayer metal leaf: nanotomography of Zwischgold

Wu Q, Soppa K, Mueller E, Mueller J, Odstrcil M, Tsai EHR, Späth A, Holler M, Guizar-Sicairos M, Butz B, Fink R, Watts B (2022)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2022

Journal

Nanoscale Royal Society of Chemistry

Book Volume: 14

Pages Range: 15165-15180

Journal Issue: 40

DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03367d

Abstract

Many European sculptures and altarpieces from the Middle Ages were decorated with Zwischgold, a bilayer metal leaf with an ultra-thin gold face backed by silver. Zwischgold corrodes quickly when exposed to air, causing the surface of the artefact to darken and lose gloss. The conservation of such Zwischgold applied artefacts has been an obstinate problem. We have acquired quantitative, 3D nanoscale images of Zwischgold samples from 15th century artefacts and modern materials using ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT), a recently developed coherent diffractive imaging technique, to investigate the leaf structure and chemical state of Zwischgold. The measurements clearly demonstrate decreasing density (increasing porosity) of the leaf materials and their corrosion products, as well as delamination of the leaves from their substrate. Each of these effects speak to typically observed issues in the conservation of such Zwischgold applied artefacts. Further, a rare variant of Zwischgold that contains extremely thin multiple gold layers and an overlapping phenomenon of Zwischgold with other metal leaves are observed through PXCT. As supportive data, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were performed on the medieval samples.

Authors with CRIS profile

Andreas Späth Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II Rainer Fink Professur für Physikalische Chemie

Involved external institutions

University of Zurich / Universität Zürich (UZH) CH Switzerland (CH) Berner Fachhochschule (BFH) CH Switzerland (CH) Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) CH Switzerland (CH) Universität Siegen DE Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Wu, Q., Soppa, K., Mueller, E., Mueller, J., Odstrcil, M., Tsai, E.H.R.,... Watts, B. (2022). A modern look at a medieval bilayer metal leaf: nanotomography of Zwischgold. Nanoscale, 14(40), 15165-15180. https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2nr03367d

MLA:

Wu, Qing, et al. "A modern look at a medieval bilayer metal leaf: nanotomography of Zwischgold." Nanoscale 14.40 (2022): 15165-15180.

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