Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back

Schmidt V, Hogan AE, Fallon PG, Schwartz C (2022)

Publication Type: Journal article, Review article

Publication year: 2022

Journal

Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers Research Foundation / Frontiers Media

Book Volume: 13

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932893

Abstract

Over the past decades, the relationship between the immune system and metabolism has become a major research focus. In this arena of immunometabolism the capacity of adipose tissue to secrete immunomodulatory molecules, including adipokines, within the underlying low-grade inflammation during obesity brought attention to the impact obesity has on the immune system. Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, influence T cell differentiation into different T helper subsets and their activation during immune responses. Furthermore, within the cellular milieu of adipose tissue nutrient availability regulates differentiation and activation of T cells and changes in cellular metabolic pathways. Upon activation, T cells shift from oxidative phosphorylation to oxidative glycolysis, while the differential signaling of the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the nuclear receptor PPAR gamma, amongst others, drive the subsequent T cell differentiation. While the mechanisms leading to a shift from the typical type 2-dominated milieu in lean people to a Th1-biased pro-inflammatory environment during obesity are the subject of extensive research, insights on its impact on peripheral Th2-dominated immune responses become more evident. In this review, we will summarize recent findings of how Th2 cells are metabolically regulated during obesity and malnutrition, and how these states affect local and systemic Th2-biased immune responses.

Authors with CRIS profile

Viviane Schmidt Institute of Microbiology – Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene Christian Schwartz Institute of Microbiology – Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene

Additional Organisation(s)

Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung

Related research project(s)

J079: Functional impact of PD-L1:PD-1-interactions on diet-induced obesity and dysbiosis Sept. 1, 2019 - Aug. 31, 2022

Involved external institutions

Maynooth University IE Ireland (IE) Trinity College Dublin IE Ireland (IE)

How to cite

APA:

Schmidt, V., Hogan, A.E., Fallon, P.G., & Schwartz, C. (2022). Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back. Frontiers in Immunology, 13. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.932893

MLA:

Schmidt, Viviane, et al. "Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back." Frontiers in Immunology 13 (2022).

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