Distributed Multi-Antenna Frequency-Selective Energy Beamforming with Joint Total and Individual Power Constraints

Luo B, Yeoh PL, Schober R, Krongold BS (2022)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2022

Journal

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2022.3171111

Abstract

We analyze distributed multi-antenna energy beamforming over frequency selective fading channels in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with joint total and individual transmit power constraints. The constraints allow the WPT system to limit energy consumption for cost or environmental factors, and prevent individual coordinated energy transmitters (CETs) from overdriving their high-powered amplifiers due to hardware limitations. The harvested power at the energy receiver is modeled as an arbitrary non-linear, continuous, and non-decreasing function of the received radio frequency (RF) power. We show that the optimal frequency selective energy beamforming solution for K CETs with M antennas each is equivalent to maximizing the total RF power coherently combined at the energy receiver over N shared subchannels. We obtained the optimal frequency selective energy beamforming strategy with the following insightful properties: First, for any subchannel, either all antennas of all K CETs allocate zero power to this subchannel (i.e., inactive), or all antennas of all K CETs allocate non-zero power to this subchannel (i.e., active). Second, for the active subchannels, we show that the optimal power allocation obeys a proportionality principle for the powers from all antennas of all K CETs, which reveals that higher powers are not necessarily allocated to subchannels with higher channel gains. Third, we prove that optimally no more than T+1 subchannels are selected for energy beamforming, where T (less than K) is the number of CETs transmitting at their maximum individual powers due to the total power constraint. Based on the above properties, we show that the energy beamforming solution can be efficiently achieved via solving a low-complexity dual problem in simpler form with only K+1 variables compared to the original primal problem with NMK variables. Numerical examples verify our theoretical findings and show the impact of the joint total and individual power constraints on the average harvested power.

Authors with CRIS profile

Robert Schober Lehrstuhl für Digitale Übertragung

Involved external institutions

The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) CN China (CN) The University of Melbourne AU Australia (AU) University of Sydney (USYD) AU Australia (AU)

How to cite

APA:

Luo, B., Yeoh, P.L., Schober, R., & Krongold, B.S. (2022). Distributed Multi-Antenna Frequency-Selective Energy Beamforming with Joint Total and Individual Power Constraints. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2022.3171111

MLA:

Luo, Bing, et al. "Distributed Multi-Antenna Frequency-Selective Energy Beamforming with Joint Total and Individual Power Constraints." IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking (2022).

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