Biomimetic Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Scaffolds to Regenerate Cranial Bone Defects in a Rat Animal Model

Moosavifar M, Parsaei H, Hosseini S, Mirmontazeri SM, Ahadi R, Ahadian S, Engel F, Roshanbinfar K (2022)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2022

Journal

ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering American Chemical Society

Book Volume: 8

Pages Range: 1258-1270

Journal Issue: 3

DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01331

Abstract

While bone regenerates itself after an injury, a critical bone defect requires external interventions. Engineering approaches to restore bone provide a temporary scaffold to support the damage and provide beneficial biological cues for bone repair. Biomimetically generated scaffolds replicate the naturally occurring phenomena in bone regeneration. In this study, a gelatin-calcium phosphate nanocomposite was synthesized by an efficient and cost-effective double-diffusion biomimetic approach. Calcium and phosphate ions are impregnated in the gelatin, mimicking the natural bone mineralization process. Glutaraldehyde from 0.5 to 2 w/v% was used for gelatin cross-linking and mechanical properties of the scaffold, and its biological support for rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells was analyzed. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy images of the nanocomposite scaffolds and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations of these scaffolds confirmed precipitation of calcium phosphates in the gelatin. Moreover, lysozyme degradation assay showed that scaffold degradation reversely correlates with the concentration of the cross-linking agent. Increased glutaraldehyde concentrations enhanced the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, bringing them closer to those of cancellous bone. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells maintained their viability on these scaffolds compared to standard cell culture plates. In addition, these cells showed differentiation into bone lineage as evaluated from alkaline phosphatase activity up to 21 days and Alizarin red staining of the cells over 28 days. Eventually, scaffolds were implanted in a cranial defect in a rat animal model with a 5 mm diameter. Bone regeneration was studied over 90 days. Analysis of histological sections of the injury and computer tomography images revealed that nanocomposite scaffolds cross-linked with 1% w/v glutaraldehyde provide the maximum bone regeneration after 90 days. Collectively, our data show that nanocomposite scaffolds developed here provide effective regeneration for extensive bone defects in vivo.

Authors with CRIS profile

Felix Engel Professur für Experimentelle Nieren- und Kreislaufforschung Kaveh Roshanbinfar Professur für Experimentelle Nieren- und Kreislaufforschung

Involved external institutions

Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT) / دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر IR Iran, Islamic Republic of (IR) Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) / دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران IR Iran, Islamic Republic of (IR) Terasaki Research Institute US United States (USA) (US)

How to cite

APA:

Moosavifar, M., Parsaei, H., Hosseini, S., Mirmontazeri, S.M., Ahadi, R., Ahadian, S.,... Roshanbinfar, K. (2022). Biomimetic Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Scaffolds to Regenerate Cranial Bone Defects in a Rat Animal Model. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 8(3), 1258-1270. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01331

MLA:

Moosavifar, Mirjavad, et al. "Biomimetic Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Scaffolds to Regenerate Cranial Bone Defects in a Rat Animal Model." ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering 8.3 (2022): 1258-1270.

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