Competing topological orders in three dimensions: X-cube versus toric code

Mühlhauser M, Schmidt KP, Vidal J, Walther M (2022)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2022

Journal

SciPost Physics SciPost

Book Volume: 12

Article Number: 069

Journal Issue: 2

DOI: 10.21468/SCIPOSTPHYS.12.2.069

Abstract

We study the competition between two different topological orders in three dimensions by considering the X-cube model and the three-dimensional toric code. The corresponding Hamiltonian can be decomposed into two commuting parts, one of which displays a self-dual spectrum. To determine the phase diagram, we compute the high-order series expansions of the ground-state energy in all limiting cases. Apart from the topological order related to the toric code and the fractonic order related to the X-cube model, we found two new phases which are adiabatically connected to classical limits with nontrivial sub-extensive degeneracies. All phase transitions are found to be first order.

Authors with CRIS profile

Matthias Mühlhauser Professur für Theoretische Physik Kai Phillip Schmidt Professur für Theoretische Physik Matthias Walther Professur für Theoretische Physik

Involved external institutions

University of Paris 4 - Paris-Sorbonne / Université paris IV Paris-Sorbonne FR France (FR)

How to cite

APA:

Mühlhauser, M., Schmidt, K.P., Vidal, J., & Walther, M. (2022). Competing topological orders in three dimensions: X-cube versus toric code. SciPost Physics, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.21468/SCIPOSTPHYS.12.2.069

MLA:

Mühlhauser, Matthias, et al. "Competing topological orders in three dimensions: X-cube versus toric code." SciPost Physics 12.2 (2022).

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