Neutrophils Orchestrate the Periodontal Pocket

Vitkov L, Munoz Becerra L, Schoen J, Knopf J, Schauer C, Minnich B, Herrmann M, Hannig M (2021)

Publication Type: Journal article, Review article

Publication year: 2021

Journal

Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers Research Foundation / Frontiers Media

Book Volume: 12

Article Number: 788766

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788766

Abstract

The subgingival biofilm attached to tooth surfaces triggers and maintains periodontitis. Previously, late-onset periodontitis has been considered a consequence of dysbiosis and a resultant polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. However, a multitude of studies did not show “healthy” oral microbiota pattern, but a high diversity depending on culture, diets, regional differences, age, social state etc. These findings relativise the aetiological role of the dysbiosis in periodontitis. Furthermore, many late-onset periodontitis traits cannot be explained by dysbiosis; e.g. age-relatedness, attenuation by anti-ageing therapy, neutrophil hyper-responsiveness, and microbiota shifting by dysregulated immunity, yet point to the crucial role of dysregulated immunity and neutrophils in particular. Furthermore, patients with neutropenia and neutrophil defects inevitably develop early-onset periodontitis. Intra-gingivally injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone causes an exaggerated neutrophil response sufficient to precipitate experimental periodontitis. Vice versa to the surplus of LPS, the increased neutrophil responsiveness characteristic for late-onset periodontitis can effectuate gingiva damage likewise. The exaggerated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) response in late-onset periodontitis is blameable for damage of gingival barrier, its penetration by bacteria and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as stimulation of Th17 cells, resulting in further neutrophil activation. This identifies the dysregulated immunity as the main contributor to periodontal disease.

Authors with CRIS profile

Luis Munoz Becerra Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology Janina Schoen Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology Jasmin Knopf Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology Christine Schauer Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology Martin Herrmann Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology

Involved external institutions

Universität Salzburg (Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg) AT Austria (AT) Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (UKS) DE Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Vitkov, L., Munoz Becerra, L., Schoen, J., Knopf, J., Schauer, C., Minnich, B.,... Hannig, M. (2021). Neutrophils Orchestrate the Periodontal Pocket. Frontiers in Immunology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.788766

MLA:

Vitkov, Ljubomir, et al. "Neutrophils Orchestrate the Periodontal Pocket." Frontiers in Immunology 12 (2021).

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