Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

Njoya O, Tsang T, Tarka M, Fairbank W, Kumar KS, Rao T, Wager T, Kharusi SA, Anton G, Arnquist IJ, Badhrees I, Barbeau PS, Beck D, Belov V, Bhatta T, Brodsky JP, Brown E, Brunner T, Caden E, Cao GF, Cao L, Cen WR, Chambers C, Chana B, Charlebois SA, Chiu M, Cleveland B, Coon M, Craycraft A, Dalmasson J, Daniels T, Darroch L, Daugherty SJ, De A, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian A, DeVoe R, Di Vacri ML, Dilling J, Ding YY, Dolinski MJ, Dragone A, Echevers J, Elbeltagi M, Fabris L, Fairbank D, Farine J, Ferrara S, Feyzbakhsh S, Fontaine R, Fucarino A, Gallina G, Gautam P, Giacomini G, Goeldi D, Gornea R, Gratta G, Hansen EV, Heffner M, Hoppe EW, Hößl J, House A, Hughes M, Iverson A, Jamil A, Jewell MJ, Jiang XS, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Kodroff D, Koffas T, Krücken R, Kuchenkov A, Lan Y, Larson A, Leach KG, Lenardo BG, Leonard DS, Li G, Li S, Li Z, Licciardi C, Lin YH, Lv P, MacLellan R, McElroy T, Medina-Peregrina M, Michel T, Mong B, Moore DC, Murray K, Nakarmi P, Natzke CR, Newby RJ, Ning Z, Nolet F, Nusair O, Odgers K, Odian A, Oriunno M, Orrell JL, Ortega GS, Ostrovskiy I, Overman CT, Parent S, Piepke A, Pocar A, Pratte JF, Radeka V, Raguzin E, Rescia S, Retière F, Richman M, Robinson A, Rossignol T, Rowson PC, Roy N, Runge J, Saldanha R, Sangiorgio S, Skarpaas K, Soma AK, St-Hilaire G, Stekhanov V, Stiegler T, Sun XL, Todd J, Tolba T, Totev TI, Tsang R, Vachon F, Veeraraghavan V, Viel S, Visser G, Vivo-Vilches C, Vuilleumier JL, Wagenpfeil M, Walent M, Wang Q, Ward M, Watkins J, Weber M, Wei W, Wen LJ, Wichoski U, Wu SX, Wu WH, Wu X, Xia Q, Yang H, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich O, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Ziegler T (2020)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2020

Journal

Book Volume: 972

Article Number: 163965

DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.163965

Abstract

Measurements of electron drift properties in liquid and gaseous xenon are reported. The electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect in a semi-transparent gold photocathode driven in transmission mode with a pulsed ultraviolet laser. The charges drift and diffuse in a small chamber at various electric fields and a fixed drift distance of 2.0 cm. At an electric field of 0.5 kV/cm, the measured drift velocities and corresponding temperature coefficients respectively are 1.97±0.04mm∕μs and (−0.69±0.05)%/K for liquid xenon, and 1.42±0.03mm∕μs and (+0.11±0.01)%/K for gaseous xenon at 1.5 bar. In addition, we measure longitudinal diffusion coefficients of 25.7±4.6 cm²/s and 149±23 cm²/s, for liquid and gas, respectively. The quantum efficiency of the gold photocathode is studied at the photon energy of 4.73 eV in liquid and gaseous xenon, and vacuum. These charge transport properties and the behavior of photocathodes in a xenon environment are important in designing and calibrating future large scale noble liquid detectors.

Authors with CRIS profile

Additional Organisation(s)

Involved external institutions

Université de Sherbrooke Canada (CA) Colorado School of Mines United States (USA) (US) Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) /Институт теоретической и экспериментальной физики Russian Federation (RU) Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) / 中国科学院高能物理研究所 China (CN) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Brookhaven National Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Carleton University Canada (CA) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States (USA) (US) Colorado State University United States (USA) (US) Laurentian University Canada (CA) State University of New York at Albany (UNY Albany / UAlbany) United States (USA) (US) Stanford University United States (USA) (US) McGill University Canada (CA) Drexel University United States (USA) (US) Yale University United States (USA) (US) University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) United States (USA) (US) Triumf Canada (CA) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Stanford National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) United States (USA) (US) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) United States (USA) (US) Indiana University United States (USA) (US) University of South Dakota United States (USA) (US) University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) United States (USA) (US) The University of Alabama United States (USA) (US) Oak Ridge National Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) / 中国科学院 China (CN) Universität Bern Switzerland (CH) Institute for Basic Science Korea, Republic of (KR)

How to cite

APA:

Njoya, O., Tsang, T., Tarka, M., Fairbank, W., Kumar, K.S., Rao, T.,... Ziegler, T. (2020). Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.163965

MLA:

Njoya, O., et al. "Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 972 (2020).

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