Classification of paroxysmal events and the four-dimensional epilepsy classification system

Luders H, Vaca GFB, Akamatsu N, Amina S, Arzimanoglou A, Baumgartner C, Benbadis SR, Bleasel A, Bermeo-Ovalle A, Bozorgi A, Carreno M, Devereaux M, Francione S, Losarcos NG, Hamer H, Holthausen H, Jamal-Omidi S, Kalamangalam G, Kanner AM, Knake S, Lacuey N, Lhatoo S, Lim SH, Londono LV, Mani J, Matsumoto R, Miller JP, Noachtar S, Palmini A, Park J, Rosenow F, Shahid A, Schuele S, Steinhoff BJ, Szabo CA, Tandon N, Terada K, Boas WVE, Widdess-Walsh P, Kahane P (2019)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2019

Journal

Book Volume: 21

Pages Range: 1-29

Journal Issue: 1

DOI: 10.1684/epd.2019.1033

Abstract

This educational review describes the classification of paroxysmal events and a four-dimensional epilepsy classification system. Paroxysmal events are classified as epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal events. Non-epileptic events are, in turn, classified as psychogenic and organic paroxysmal events. The following four dimensions are used to classify epileptic paroxysmal events: ictal semiology, the epileptogenic zone, etiology, and comorbidities. Efforts are made to keep these four dimensions as independent as possible. The review also includes 12 educational vignettes and three more detailed case reports classified using the 2017 classification of the ILAE and the four-dimensional epilepsy classification. In addition, a case is described which is classified using the four-dimensional epilepsy classification with different degrees of precision by an emergency department physician, a neurologist, and an epileptologist. [Published with video sequences on www.epilepticdisorders.com].

Authors with CRIS profile

Involved external institutions

University of Miami United States (USA) (US) University Hospitals of Cleveland / Case Western Reserve University Hospital United States (USA) (US) Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main Germany (DE) University of Florida United States (USA) (US) University Hospitals United States (USA) (US) Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Brazil (BR) Rush University United States (USA) (US) St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital (Mercy Health) United States (USA) (US) Case Western Reserve University United States (USA) (US) Northwestern University United States (USA) (US) Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) Netherlands (NL) Epilepsiezentrum Kork Germany (DE) University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA) United States (USA) (US) Kobe University / 神戸大学 Japan (JP) EpiCARE United Kingdom (GB) Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Germany (DE) Sigmund-Freud-Privatuniversität Wien (SFU) / Sigmund Freud University Austria (AT) Schön Kliniken Germany (DE) Singapore General Hospital Singapore (SG) Cleveland Medical Center United States (USA) (US) Westmead Hospital Australia (AU) Beaumont Hospital Ireland (IE) Kaiser Permanente United States (USA) (US) University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) United States (USA) (US) Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Grenoble Alpes / Grenoble Alpes University Hospital France (FR) Memorial Hermann United States (USA) (US) International University of Health and Welfare (IUHW) / 国際医療福祉大学 Japan (JP) Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg (UKGM) Germany (DE) Hospices Civils de Lyon (CHU) France (FR) Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders Japan (JP) Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital India (IN)

How to cite

APA:

Luders, H., Vaca, G.F.-B., Akamatsu, N., Amina, S., Arzimanoglou, A., Baumgartner, C.,... Kahane, P. (2019). Classification of paroxysmal events and the four-dimensional epilepsy classification system. Epileptic Disorders, 21(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2019.1033

MLA:

Luders, Hans, et al. "Classification of paroxysmal events and the four-dimensional epilepsy classification system." Epileptic Disorders 21.1 (2019): 1-29.

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