Gallina G, Giampa P, Retière F, Kroeger J, Zhang G, Ward M, Margetak P, Li G, Tsang T, Doria L, Al Kharusi S, Alfaris M, Anton G, Arnquist IJ, Badhrees I, Barbeau PS, Beck D, Belov V, Bhatta T, Blatchford J, Brodsky JP, Brown E, Brunner T, Cao GF, Cao L, Cen WR, Chambers C, Charlebois SA, Chiu M, Cleveland B, Coon M, Craycraft A, Dalmasson J, Daniels T, Darroch L, Daugherty SJ, De A, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian A, DeVoe R, Dilling J, Ding YY, Dolinski MJ, Dragone A, Echevers J, Elbeltagi M, Fabris L, Fairbank D, Fairbank W, Farine J, Feyzbakhsh S, Fontaine R, Gautam P, Giacomini G, Gornea R, Gratta G, Hansen EV, Heffner M, Hoppe EW, Hößl J, House A, Hughes M, Ito Y, Iverson A, Jamil A, Jewell MJ, Jiang XS, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Kodroff D, Koffas T, Krücken R, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Lan Y, Larson A, Lenardo BG, Leonard DS, Li S, Li Z, Licciardi C, Lin YH, Lv P, MacLellan R, McElroy T, Medina-Peregrina M, Michel T, Mong B, Moore DC, Murray K, Nakarmi P, Newby RJ, Ning Z, Njoya O, Nolet F, Nusair O, Odgers K, Odian A, Oriunno M, Orrell JL, Ortega GS, Ostrovskiy I, Overman CT, Parent S, Piepke A, Pocar A, Pratte JF, Qiu D, Radeka V, Raguzin E, Rescia S, Richman M, Robinson A, Rossignol T, Rowson PC, Roy N, Saldanha R, Sangiorgio S, Skarpaas K, Soma AK, St-Hilaire G, Stekhanov V, Stiegler T, Sun XL, Tarka M, Todd J, Tolba T, Totev TI, Tsang R, Vachon F, Veeraraghavan V, Visser G, Vuilleumier JL, Wagenpfeil M, Walent M, Wang Q, Watkins J, Weber M, Wei W, Wen LJ, Wichoski U, Wu SX, Wu WH, Wu X, Xia Q, Yang H, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich O, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Ziegler T (2019)
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2019
Book Volume: 940
Pages Range: 371-379
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096
In this paper we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC)s as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various MPPC features, such as: dark noise, gain, correlated avalanches, direct crosstalk and Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) were measured in a dedicated setup at TRIUMF. MPPCs were characterized in the range 163K≤T≤233K. At an over voltage of 3.1±0.2 V and at T=163K we report a number of Correlated Avalanches (CAs) per pulse in the 1μs interval following the trigger pulse of 0.161±0.005. At the same settings the Dark-Noise (DN) rate is 0.137±0.002Hz/mm2. Both the number of CAs and the DN rate are within nEXO specifications. The PDE of the Hamamatsu VUV4 was measured for two different devices at T=233K for a mean wavelength of 189±7nm. At 3.6±0.2 V and 3.5±0.2 V of over voltage we report a PDE of 13.4±2.6% and 11±2%, corresponding to a saturation PDE of 14.8±2.8% and 12.2±2.3%, respectively. Both values are well below the 24% saturation PDE advertised by Hamamatsu. More generally, the second device tested at 3.5±0.2 V of over voltage is below the nEXO PDE requirement. The first one instead yields a PDE that is marginally close to meeting the nEXO specifications. This suggests that with modest improvements the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs could be considered as an alternative to the FBK-LF Silicon Photo-Multipliers for the final design of the nEXO detector.
APA:
Gallina, G., Giampa, P., Retière, F., Kroeger, J., Zhang, G., Ward, M.,... Ziegler, T. (2019). Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 940, 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096
MLA:
Gallina, G., et al. "Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 940 (2019): 371-379.
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