Fossil ‘Sphinctozoa’: Chambered Sponges (Polyphyletic)
Senowbari-Daryan B, García-Bellido DC (2002)
Publication Language: English
Publication Type: Book chapter / Article in edited volumes
Publication year: 2002
Publisher: Springer US
Edited Volumes: Systema Porifera
City/Town: New York
Book Volume: 1
Pages Range: 1511-1538
ISBN: 978-1-4615-0747-5
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5
Abstract
‘Sphinctozoa’ Steinmann (Porifera, chambered sponges), including ‘Thalamida’ de Laubenfels, is a polyphyletic and nearly completely extinct group of taxonomically different sponges that evolved independently several times during the history of the Earth, with only a single Recent extant genus (Vaceletia). They are characterized by an external rigid skeleton and a chambered organization. The morphological and structural characteristics of these various chambered sponges are discussed here. A classification, based on all characteristics, is proposed and the problems of classification are addressed. All genera and species of chambered sponges described as ‘Sphinctozoa’up to the year 2000 are listed with their stratigraphic range and geographic distributions. This fauna includes over 140 genera in nine orders and 42 families.
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APA:
Senowbari-Daryan, B., & García-Bellido, D.C. (2002). Fossil ‘Sphinctozoa’: Chambered Sponges (Polyphyletic). In John N. A. Hooper, Rob W. M. Van Soest, Philippe Willenz (Eds.), Systema Porifera. (pp. 1511-1538). New York: Springer US.
MLA:
Senowbari-Daryan, Baba, and Diego C. García-Bellido. "Fossil ‘Sphinctozoa’: Chambered Sponges (Polyphyletic)." Systema Porifera. Ed. John N. A. Hooper, Rob W. M. Van Soest, Philippe Willenz, New York: Springer US, 2002. 1511-1538.
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