How to differentiate facilitation and environmentally driven co-existence

Steinbauer M, Beierkuhnlein C, Khan MASA, Harter DEV, Irl SDH, Jentsch A, Schweiger AH, Svenning JC, Dengler J (2016)


Publication Language: English

Publication Status: Published

Publication Type: Journal article, Original article

Publication year: 2016

Journal

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Book Volume: 27

Pages Range: 1071-1079

Journal Issue: 5

DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12441

Abstract

Positive plant–plant interactions (i.e. facilitation) receive increasing attention as a potentially important driver of community assembly. We conducted a systematic literature review indicating broad support for positive effects of potential facilitator species. However, a large majority of the reviewed studies (83% for field studies, 57% for experiments) share a similar risk of misinterpretation as they assess facilitative effects by comparing plots inhabited by a potential facilitator with randomly placed control plots nearby (paired sampling). As the distribution of facilitator species may itself be environmentally driven, species co-existence caused by facilitation cannot exclusively be separated from environmental effects (habitat sharing). Based on simulated plant communities and sampling protocols, we show how non-random co-existence can occur in the absence of facilitation. This is relevant because both the effect of spatial environmental heterogeneity and of facilitation (stress-gradient hypothesis) are expected to increase with environmental harshness. Nevertheless, 58% of facilitation studies neither undertook measures to minimize potential biases in their sampling approaches nor did they acknowledge such limitations in the discussion. Attention to this problem has significantly decreased in recent years. We propose that facilitation studies could be improved by (1) using random sampling for association studies, (2) co-analysing environmental factors, or (3) experimentally establishing presumed facilitators. Experimental approaches mimicking facilitative plant characteristics can help to identify facilitation mechanisms. Combining approaches and including functional traits of the involved species should further strengthen inference.

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How to cite

APA:

Steinbauer, M., Beierkuhnlein, C., Khan, M.A.S.A., Harter, D.E.V., Irl, S.D.H., Jentsch, A.,... Dengler, J. (2016). How to differentiate facilitation and environmentally driven co-existence. Journal of Vegetation Science, 27(5), 1071-1079. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12441

MLA:

Steinbauer, Manuel, et al. "How to differentiate facilitation and environmentally driven co-existence." Journal of Vegetation Science 27.5 (2016): 1071-1079.

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