The transition out of competitive sport: A systematic review of evaluated interventions
Carl J, Raabe J, Schmidt K, Höner O (2017)
Publication Type: Book chapter / Article in edited volumes
Publication year: 2017
Publisher: Bern Universität, Bern Open Publishing
Edited Volumes: Gelingende Entwicklung im Lebenslauf. Abstractband der 49. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (asp) vom 25. bis 27. Mai 2017 in Bern
City/Town: Bern
Pages Range: 25-26
DOI: 10.7892/boris.99636
Abstract
The research on talent development mainly focusses on those athletes who have the potential to perform at an elite level in their discipline (e.g., Vaeyens, Lenior, Williams, & Philippaerts, 2008). However, the majority of athletes eventually drop out of elite sport for a variety of reasons (e.g., release; Raabe, Zakrajsek, Bass, & Readdy, 2017) and only an extremely small percentage of individuals reach the professional level (Höner, Kelava, & Leyhr, 2016). Thus, most athletes are forced to transition out of competitive sport before they begin to truly conceptualize retirement (Torregrosa, Boixados, Valiente, & Cruz, 2004). These experiences are frequently characterized by a number of physical, psychological, and social challenges (Pearson & Petitpas, 1990; Wippert & Wippert, 2008). This dilemma emphasizes the importance of implementing programs to more optimally help athletes prepare for and manage this transitional period. Accordingly, the purpose of the current research was to systematically review the literature related to evaluated interventions aimed at enhancing athletes’ transition out of competitive sport. Following the guidelines of the PRISMA Statement (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, Altman, & The PRISMA Group, 2009), 11'252 potentially relevant articles were initially found. Through stepwise selection procedures and by means of well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, two independent researchers subsequently identified ten adequate articles that were included for further review. Among those studies, no interventions specifically targeted children or adolescents. The PEDro Scale (Maher, Sherrington, Herbert, Moseley, & Elkins, 2003) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies, which was found to be relatively low. Overall, program participants reported high satisfaction rates with the interventions. In three studies researchers utilized a longitudinal design with control group and only found statistically significant improvements with regard to individuals’ coping measures and decision making self-efficacy (p < .01; 0.87 < d < 8.59). In contrast, when using qualitative designs researchers reported improvements in a variety of areas (e.g., heightened crisis awareness and sense of control). In sum, three program components were found to be most valuable for helping athletes transition out of competitive sport: (a) managing the emotional impact, (b) goal-setting strategies, and (c) transfer of life skills. In this presentation relevant theoretical and practical findings for researchers and sport psychology professionals will be highlighted. In addition, the transferability of the program contents to younger athletes will be discussed by drawing parallels to the content of similar programs from non-sport settings.
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APA:
Carl, J., Raabe, J., Schmidt, K., & Höner, O. (2017). The transition out of competitive sport: A systematic review of evaluated interventions. In Zuber, C., Schmid, J., Schmidt, M, Wegner, M. & Conzelmann, A. (Eds.), Gelingende Entwicklung im Lebenslauf. Abstractband der 49. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (asp) vom 25. bis 27. Mai 2017 in Bern. (pp. 25-26). Bern: Bern Universität, Bern Open Publishing.
MLA:
Carl, Johannes, et al. "The transition out of competitive sport: A systematic review of evaluated interventions." Gelingende Entwicklung im Lebenslauf. Abstractband der 49. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (asp) vom 25. bis 27. Mai 2017 in Bern. Ed. Zuber, C., Schmid, J., Schmidt, M, Wegner, M. & Conzelmann, A., Bern: Bern Universität, Bern Open Publishing, 2017. 25-26.
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