The ANTARES detector: Two decades of neutrino searches in the Mediterranean Sea

Albert A, Alves S, André M, Ardid M, Ardid S, Aubert JJ, Aublin J, Baret B, Basa S, Becherini Y, Belhorma B, Benfenati F, Bertin V, Biagi S, Boumaaza J, Bouta M, Bouwhuis MC, Brânzaş H, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Busto J, Caiffi B, Calvo D, Campion S, Capone A, Carenini F, Carr J, Carretero V, Cartraud T, Celli S, Cerisy L, Chabab M, Moursli RCE, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Coelho JA, Coleiro A, Coniglione R, Coyle P, Creusot A, Díaz AF, De Martino B, Rosso ID, Distefano C, Palma ID, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Drouhin D, Eberl T, Eddymaoui A, van Eeden T, van Eijk D, Hedri SE, Khayati NE, Enzenhöfer A, Fermani P, Ferrara G, Filippini F, Fusco L, Gagliardini S, García-Méndez J, Oliver CG, Gay P, Geißelbrecht N, Glotin H, Gozzini R, Ruiz RG, Graf K, Guidi C, Haegel L, van Haren H, Heijboer AJ, Hello Y, Hennig L, Hernández-Rey JJ, Hößl J, Huang F, Illuminati G, Jisse-Jung B, de Jong M, de Jong P, Kadler M, Kalekin O, Katz U, Kouchner A, Kreykenbohm I, Kulikovskiy V, Lahmann R, Lamoureux M, Lazo A, Lefèvre D, Leonora E, Levi G, Stum SL, Loucatos S, Manczak J, Marcelin M, Margiotta A, Marinelli A, Martínez-Mora JA, Migliozzi P, Moussa A, Muller R, Navas S, Nezri E, Fearraigh B, Oukacha E, Păun AM, Păvălaş GE, Peña-Martínez S, Perrin-Terrin M, Piattelli P, Poirè C, Popa V, Pradier T, Randazzo N, Real D, Riccobene G, Romanov A, Losa AS, Saina A, Greus FS, Samtleben DF, Sanguineti M, Sapienza P, Schüssler F, Seneca J, Spurio M, Stolarczyk T, Taiuti M, Tayalati Y, Vallage B, Vannoye G, Van Elewyck V, Viola S, Vivolo D, Wilms J, Zavatarelli S, Zegarelli A, Zornoza JD, Zúñiga J (2025)

Publication Type: Journal article, Review article

Publication year: 2025

Journal

Book Volume: 1121-1124

Pages Range: 1-46

DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.04.001

Abstract

Interest for studying cosmic neutrinos using deep-sea detectors has increased after the discovery of a diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos by the IceCube collaboration and the possibility of wider multi-messenger studies with the observations of gravitational waves. The ANTARES detector was the first neutrino telescope in seawater, operating successfully in the Mediterranean Sea for more than a decade and a half. All challenges related to the operation in the deep sea were accurately addressed by the collaboration. Deployment and connection operations became smoother over time; data taking and constant re-calibration of the detector due to the variable environmental conditions were fully automated. A wealth of results on the subject of astroparticle physics, particle physics and multi-messenger astronomy have been obtained, despite the relative modest size of the detector, paving the way to a new generation of larger undersea detectors. This review summarizes the efforts by the ANTARES collaboration that made the possibility to operate neutrino telescopes in seawater a reality and the results obtained in this endeavor.

Authors with CRIS profile

Involved external institutions

Institute for Corpuscular Physics / Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) Spain (ES) Polytechnic University of Valencia / Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Spain (ES) Aix-Marseille University / Aix-Marseille Université France (FR) Université Paris Cité France (FR) The National Center for Nuclear Energy, Sciences and Techniques (CNESTEN) Morocco (MA) National Institute for Nuclear Physics / Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Italy (IT) Mohammed V University (UMVA) / جامعة محمد الخامس‎ Morocco (MA) Mohammed First University / Université Mohammed Premier / جامعة محمد الأول Morocco (MA) FOM Foundation Netherlands (NL) National Institute for Laser, Plasma & Radiation Physics (INFLPR) Romania (RO) Universidad de Granada Spain (ES) Université de Strasbourg (UDS) France (FR) Università degli Studi di Salerno Italy (IT) University of Toulon / Université de Toulon (UTLN) France (FR) UMR Géoazur - Campus Azur du CNRS France (FR) Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) Netherlands (NL) Institute of Research into the Fundamental Laws of the Universe / Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'univers (IRFU) France (FR) Polytechnic University of Catalonia / Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · BarcelonaTech (UPC) / Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña Spain (ES) Cadi Ayyad University / جامعة القاضي عياض‎ Morocco (MA) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Germany (DE) Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) / Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie France (FR)

How to cite

APA:

Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J.J.,... Zúñiga, J. (2025). The ANTARES detector: Two decades of neutrino searches in the Mediterranean Sea. Physics Reports-Review Section of Physics Letters, 1121-1124, 1-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2025.04.001

MLA:

Albert, A., et al. "The ANTARES detector: Two decades of neutrino searches in the Mediterranean Sea." Physics Reports-Review Section of Physics Letters 1121-1124 (2025): 1-46.

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