Controlled n-Doping of Naphthalene Diimide-Based Two-Dimensional Polymers
Evans AM, Collins KA, Xun S, Allen TG, Jhulki S, Castano I, Smith HL, Strauss MJ, Oanta A, Liu L, Sun L, Reid OG, Sini G, Puggioni D, Rondinelli JM, Raji T, Gianneschi NC, Kahn A, Freedman DE, Li H, Barlow S, Rumbles G, Bredas JL, Marder SR, Dichtel WR (2022)
Publication Language: English
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2022
Journal
Book Volume: 34
Article Number: 2101932
Journal Issue: 22
Abstract
2D polymers (2DPs) are promising as structurally well-defined, permanently porous, organic semiconductors. However, 2DPs are nearly always isolated as closed shell organic species with limited charge carriers, which leads to low bulk conductivities. Here, the bulk conductivity of two naphthalene diimide (NDI)-containing 2DP semiconductors is enhanced by controllably n-doping the NDI units using cobaltocene (CoCp2). Optical and transient microwave spectroscopy reveal that both as-prepared NDI-containing 2DPs are semiconducting with sub-2 eV optical bandgaps and photoexcited charge-carrier lifetimes of tens of nanoseconds. Following reduction with CoCp2, both 2DPs largely retain their periodic structures and exhibit optical and electron-spin resonance spectroscopic features consistent with the presence of NDI-radical anions. While the native NDI-based 2DPs are electronically insulating, maximum bulk conductivities of >10−4 S cm−1 are achieved by substoichiometric levels of n-doping. Density functional theory calculations show that the strongest electronic couplings in these 2DPs exist in the out-of-plane (π-stacking) crystallographic directions, which indicates that cross-plane electronic transport through NDI stacks is primarily responsible for the observed electronic conductivity. Taken together, the controlled molecular doping is a useful approach to access structurally well-defined, paramagnetic, 2DP n-type semiconductors with measurable bulk electronic conductivities of interest for electronic or spintronic devices.
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APA:
Evans, A.M., Collins, K.A., Xun, S., Allen, T.G., Jhulki, S., Castano, I.,... Dichtel, W.R. (2022). Controlled n-Doping of Naphthalene Diimide-Based Two-Dimensional Polymers. Advanced Materials, 34(22). https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202101932
MLA:
Evans, Austin M., et al. "Controlled n-Doping of Naphthalene Diimide-Based Two-Dimensional Polymers." Advanced Materials 34.22 (2022).
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