MR-zero meets RARE MRI: Joint optimization of refocusing flip angles and neural networks to minimize T2-induced blurring in spin echo sequences

Dang HN, Endres J, Weinmüller S, Glang F, Loktyushin A, Scheffler K, Dörfler A, Schmidt M, Maier A, Zaiß M (2023)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2023

Journal

DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29710

Abstract

Purpose: An end-to-end differentiable 2D Bloch simulation is used to reduce T2 induced blurring in single-shot turbo spin echo sequences, also called rapid imaging with refocused echoes (RARE) sequences, by using a joint optimization of refocusing flip angles and a convolutional neural network. Methods: Simulation and optimization were performed in the MR-zero framework. Variable flip angle train and DenseNet parameters were optimized jointly using the instantaneous transverse magnetization, available in our simulation, at a certain echo time, which serves as ideal blurring-free target. Final optimized sequences were exported for in vivo measurements at a real system (3 T Siemens, PRISMA) using the Pulseq standard. Results: The optimized RARE was able to successfully lower T2-induced blurring for single-shot RARE sequences in proton density-weighted and T2-weighted images. In addition to an increased sharpness, the neural network allowed correction of the contrast changes to match the theoretical transversal magnetization. The optimization found flip angle design strategies similar to existing literature, however, visual inspection of the images and evaluation of the respective point spread function demonstrated an improved performance. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that when variable flip angles and a convolutional neural network are optimized jointly in an end-to-end approach, sequences with more efficient minimization of T2-induced blurring can be found. This allows faster single- or multi-shot RARE MRI with longer echo trains.

Authors with CRIS profile

Involved external institutions

Max-Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik / Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Dang, H.N., Endres, J., Weinmüller, S., Glang, F., Loktyushin, A., Scheffler, K.,... Zaiß, M. (2023). MR-zero meets RARE MRI: Joint optimization of refocusing flip angles and neural networks to minimize T2-induced blurring in spin echo sequences. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.29710

MLA:

Dang, Hoai Nam, et al. "MR-zero meets RARE MRI: Joint optimization of refocusing flip angles and neural networks to minimize T2-induced blurring in spin echo sequences." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (2023).

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