Direct laser-written aperiodic photonic volume elements for complex light shaping with high efficiency: inverse design and fabrication

Barré N, Shivaraman R, Moser S, Salter PS, Schmidt M, Booth MJ, Jesacher A (2023)

Publication Language: English

Publication Type: Journal article, Original article

Publication year: 2023

Journal

Advanced Photonics Nexus SPIE and Chinese Laser Press

Book Volume: 2

Pages Range: 036006

Journal Issue: 3

DOI: 10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036006

Open Access Link: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036006

Abstract

Light plays a central role in many applications. The key to unlocking its versatility lies in shaping it into the most appropriate form for the task at hand. Specifically tailored refractive index modifications, directly manufactured inside glass using a short pulsed laser, enable an almost arbitrary control of the light flow. However, the stringent requirements for quantitative knowledge of these modifications, as well as for fabrication precision, have so far prevented the fabrication of light-efficient aperiodic photonic volume elements (APVEs). Here, we present a powerful approach to the design and manufacturing of light-efficient APVEs. We optimize application-specific three-dimensional arrangements of hundreds of thousands of microscopic voxels and manufacture them using femtosecond direct laser writing inside millimeter-sized glass volumes. We experimentally achieve unprecedented diffraction efficiencies up to 80%, which is enabled by precise voxel characterization and adaptive optics during fabrication. We demonstrate APVEs with various functionalities, including a spatial mode converter and combined intensity shaping and wavelength multiplexing. Our elements can be freely designed and are efficient, compact, and robust. Our approach is not limited to borosilicate glass but is potentially extendable to other substrates, including birefringent and nonlinear materials, giving a preview of even broader functionalities, including polarization modulation and dynamic elements.

Authors with CRIS profile

Nicolas Barré Lehrstuhl für Photonische Technologien Michael Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Photonische Technologien

Involved external institutions

University of Oxford GB United Kingdom (GB) Medizinische Universität Innsbruck AT Austria (AT)

How to cite

APA:

Barré, N., Shivaraman, R., Moser, S., Salter, P.S., Schmidt, M., Booth, M.J., & Jesacher, A. (2023). Direct laser-written aperiodic photonic volume elements for complex light shaping with high efficiency: inverse design and fabrication. Advanced Photonics Nexus, 2(3), 036006. https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.3.036006

MLA:

Barré, Nicolas, et al. "Direct laser-written aperiodic photonic volume elements for complex light shaping with high efficiency: inverse design and fabrication." Advanced Photonics Nexus 2.3 (2023): 036006.

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