Lubrication of Hip and Knee Joint Replacements: The Contribution of Experiments and Numerical Modeling
Nečas D, Marian M, Sawae Y (2021)
Publication Language: English
Publication Type: Book chapter / Article in edited volumes
Publication year: 2021
Publisher: CRC Press
Edited Volumes: Biotribology: Emerging Technologies and Applications
City/Town: Boca Raton, Florida, United States
Pages Range: 33-62
ISBN: 9781003139270
Abstract
The longevity of hip and knee joint replacements is considerably affected by the overall (bio-) tribological performance. Wear particles released during joint articulation harm the surrounding tissues, leading to biochemical degradation, and eventually causing an implant loosening with the subsequent need for revision. Thereby, wear is substantially influenced by synovial fluid lubrication phenomena. Over the last two decades, significant knowledge about lubrication mechanisms in artificial joints has been gained, thanks to experimental investigations and numerical modeling. Various model configurations were extensively tested using electrical and optical methods, usually focusing on film thickness analysis. Attention was paid not only to contact mechanics and valid dynamic conditions but also to the behavior of mimicked synovial fluid and the role of specific constituents, such as proteins, hyaluronic acid, or phospholipids. Concerning film formation prediction, various numerical approaches based upon multigrid/-level integration and the finite difference or the finite element method have been developed. Although the Reynolds equation was usually used to describe hydrodynamics, the variety of approaches have apparent differences in terms of underlying assumptions, numerical implementation, and applicability to simulating hip or knee joint. Numerical modeling was utilized to analyze the influence of rheological properties of the synovial fluid, material characteristics or load, and kinematics on the tribological behavior, as well as to optimize macro- and micro-geometry. Due to the limited ability to obtain insights into the corresponding in vivo lubrication mechanisms, experimental in vitro studies should always be carried out with a close linkage to numerical modeling to ensure validity and transferability. Therefore, the following chapter aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the relevant methods and approaches when revealing lubrication mechanisms of joint replacements. At the end of the chapter, the main findings are summarized while some suggestions for future research directions are derived.
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APA:
Nečas, D., Marian, M., & Sawae, Y. (2021). Lubrication of Hip and Knee Joint Replacements: The Contribution of Experiments and Numerical Modeling. In T V V L N Rao, Salmiah Binti Kasolang, Xie Guoxin, Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani (Eds.), Biotribology: Emerging Technologies and Applications. (pp. 33-62). Boca Raton, Florida, United States: CRC Press.
MLA:
Nečas, David, Max Marian, and Yoshinori Sawae. "Lubrication of Hip and Knee Joint Replacements: The Contribution of Experiments and Numerical Modeling." Biotribology: Emerging Technologies and Applications. Ed. T V V L N Rao, Salmiah Binti Kasolang, Xie Guoxin, Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani, Boca Raton, Florida, United States: CRC Press, 2021. 33-62.
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