Exposure Assessment of Fluoride Intake Through Commercially Available Black Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) from Areas with High Incidences of Chronic Kidney Disease with Undetermined Origin (CKDu) in Sri Lanka
Chandrajith R, Bhagya S, Diyabalanage S, Wimalasiri S, Ranatunga MA, Barth J (2021)
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2021
Journal
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02694-2
Abstract
Fluoride is a beneficial trace element for human health as its deficiency and excess levels can cause detrimental health effects. In Sri Lanka, dry zone regions can have excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water and can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. In addition to drinking water, traditional habits of tea consumption can cause an additional intake of fluoride in the population. A total number of 39 locally blended black tea samples were collected from a village where chronic kidney disease with undetermined origin (CKDu) is prevalent. In addition, unblended tea samples were obtained from tea-producing factories. The fluoride contents in infusions of 2% weight per volume (w/v) were measured using calibrated ion-selective fluoride electrodes. The mean fluoride content was 2.68±1.03 mg/L in loose tea, 1.87±0.57mg/L in packed tea samples, and 1.14±0.55 mg/L in unblended tea. Repeated brewing of the same tea leaves showed that over 50% of fluoride leached into the solution in the first infusion. An estimate of the daily total average fluoride intake via tea consumption per person is 2.68 mg per day. With groundwater in many dry zone regions in Sri Lanka showing high fluoride levels that exceed 0.5 mg/L, the additional daily intake can rapidly exceed recommended thresholds of 2 mg/day. This can add to adverse health impacts that might also relate to CKDu.
Authors with CRIS profile
Involved external institutions
University of Peradeniya
Sri Lanka (LK)
University of Sri Jayewardenepura / Vidyodaya University / ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර විශ්වවිද්යාලය / ஸ்ரீ ஜயவர்தனபுர பல்கலைக்கழகம்
Sri Lanka (LK)
Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (LK)
Sri Lanka (LK)
University of Sri Jayewardenepura / Vidyodaya University / ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර විශ්වවිද්යාලය / ஸ்ரீ ஜயவர்தனபுர பல்கலைக்கழகம்
Sri Lanka (LK)
Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (LK)
How to cite
APA:
Chandrajith, R., Bhagya, S., Diyabalanage, S., Wimalasiri, S., Ranatunga, M.A., & Barth, J. (2021). Exposure Assessment of Fluoride Intake Through Commercially Available Black Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) from Areas with High Incidences of Chronic Kidney Disease with Undetermined Origin (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Biological Trace Element Research. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02694-2
MLA:
Chandrajith, Rohana, et al. "Exposure Assessment of Fluoride Intake Through Commercially Available Black Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) from Areas with High Incidences of Chronic Kidney Disease with Undetermined Origin (CKDu) in Sri Lanka." Biological Trace Element Research (2021).
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