A proposal for a new classification of soleus muscle morphology
Olewnik Ł, Zielinska N, Paulsen F, Podgórski M, Haładaj R, Karauda P, Polguj M (2020)
Publication Type: Journal article
Publication year: 2020
Journal
Book Volume: 232
Article Number: 151584
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151584
Abstract
Introduction: The soleus muscle (SM) is located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg, together with the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and plantaris muscle. There is little information on the morphological variability (pennation) of the SM. The aim of the study is to characterize the variations in the morphology of the pennation of the SM and to create the first accurate classification. Material and methods: Eighty lower limbs (40 left, and 40 right) fixed in 10% formalin solution were examined. The morphology of the central tendon, medial and lateral aponeuroses was evaluated, together with the pennation angle. Results: In all cases, the soleus muscle was present. Four types could be distinguished based on muscle fibre morphology. In order of frequency: Type 1 – bipennate (43.75%); Type 4 – non-pennate (36.25%); Type 2 – unipennate (15%); Type 3 – multipennate (5%). No significant difference in type distribution was observed with regard to body side (p = 0.9018) or gender (p = 0.0844). Conclusion: The soleus muscle is characterized by high morphological variability. Based on the pennation angle, four types (1–4) of soleus muscle are distinguishable.
Authors with CRIS profile
Involved external institutions
Medical University of Łódź / Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
Poland (PL)
Instytut Centrum Zdrowia Matki Polki w Łodzi (ICZMP) / Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute
Poland (PL)
Poland (PL)
Instytut Centrum Zdrowia Matki Polki w Łodzi (ICZMP) / Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute
Poland (PL)
How to cite
APA:
Olewnik, Ł., Zielinska, N., Paulsen, F., Podgórski, M., Haładaj, R., Karauda, P., & Polguj, M. (2020). A proposal for a new classification of soleus muscle morphology. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 232. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151584
MLA:
Olewnik, Łukasz, et al. "A proposal for a new classification of soleus muscle morphology." Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger 232 (2020).
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