Growth cones as soft and weak force generators

Betz T, Koch D, Lu YB, Franze K, Kaes JA (2011)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2011

Journal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America National Academy of Sciences

Book Volume: 108

Pages Range: 13420-13425

Journal Issue: 33

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1106145108

Abstract

Many biochemical processes in the growth cone finally target its biomechanical properties, such as stiffness and force generation, and thus permit and control growth cone movement. Despite the immense progress in our understanding of biochemical processes regulating neuronal growth, growth cone biomechanics remains poorly understood. Here, we combine different experimental approaches to measure the structural and mechanical properties of a growth cone and to simultaneously determine its actin dynamics and traction force generation. Using fundamental physical relations, we exploited these measurements to determine the internal forces generated by the actin cytoskeleton in the lamellipodium. We found that, at timescales longer than the viscoelastic relaxation time of τ = 8.5 ± 0.5 sec, growth cones show liquid-like characteristics, whereas at shorter time scales they behaved elastically with a surprisingly low elastic modulus of E = 106 ± 21 Pa. Considering the growth cone's mechanical properties and retrograde actin flow, we determined the internal stress to be on the order of 30 pN per μm2. Traction force measurements confirmed these values. Hence, our results indicate that growth cones are particularly soft and weak structures that may be very sensitive to the mechanical properties of their environment.

Authors with CRIS profile

Kristian Franze

Involved external institutions

Universität Leipzig DE Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Betz, T., Koch, D., Lu, Y.-B., Franze, K., & Kaes, J.A. (2011). Growth cones as soft and weak force generators. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(33), 13420-13425. https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1106145108

MLA:

Betz, Timo, et al. "Growth cones as soft and weak force generators." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108.33 (2011): 13420-13425.

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