The rice immune receptor XA21 recognizes a tyrosine-sulfated protein from a Gram-negative bacterium

Pruitt RN, Schwessinger B, Joe A, Thomas N, Liu F, Albert M, Robinson MR, Chan LJG, Luu DD, Chen H, Bahar O, Daudi A, De Vleesschauwer D, Caddell D, Zhang W, Zhao X, Li X, Heazlewood JL, Ruan D, Majumder D, Chern M, Kalbacher H, Midha S, Patil PB, Sonti RV, Petzold CJ, Liu CC, Brodbelt JS, Felix G, Ronald PC (2015)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2015

Journal

Science Advances American Association for the Advancement of Science

Book Volume: 1

Article Number: 1500245

Journal Issue: 6

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500245

Abstract

Surveillance of the extracellular environment by immune receptors is of central importance to eukaryotic survival. The rice receptor kinase XA21, which confers robust resistance to most strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is representative of a large class of cell surface immune receptors in plants and animals. We report the identification of a previously undescribed Xoo protein, called RaxX, which is required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity. Xoo strains that lack RaxX, or carry mutations in the single RaxX tyrosine residue (Y41), are able to evade XA21-mediated immunity. Y41 of RaxX is sulfated by the prokaryotic tyrosine sulfotransferase RaxST. Sulfated, but not nonsulfated, RaxX triggers hallmarks of the plant immune response in an XA21-dependent manner. A sulfated, 21–amino acid synthetic RaxX peptide (RaxX21-sY) is sufficient for this activity. Xoo field isolates that overcome XA21-mediated immunity encode an alternate raxX allele, suggesting that co-evolutionary interactions between host and pathogen contribute to RaxX diversification. RaxX is highly conserved in many plant pathogenic Xanthomonas species. The new insights gained from the discovery and characterization of the sulfated protein, RaxX, can be applied to the development of resistant crop varieties and therapeutic reagents that have the potential to block microbial infection of both plants and animals.

Authors with CRIS profile

Markus Albert

Additional Organisation(s)

Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie

Involved external institutions

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) IN India (IN) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) US United States (USA) (US) University of Texas at Austin US United States (USA) (US) University of California Davis (UCDAVIS) US United States (USA) (US) University of California Irvine US United States (USA) (US) Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen DE Germany (DE)

How to cite

APA:

Pruitt, R.N., Schwessinger, B., Joe, A., Thomas, N., Liu, F., Albert, M.,... Ronald, P.C. (2015). The rice immune receptor XA21 recognizes a tyrosine-sulfated protein from a Gram-negative bacterium. Science Advances, 1(6). https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500245

MLA:

Pruitt, Rory N., et al. "The rice immune receptor XA21 recognizes a tyrosine-sulfated protein from a Gram-negative bacterium." Science Advances 1.6 (2015).

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