Modeling of metal foaming with lattice Boltzmann automata

The formation and decay of foams produced by gas bubble expansion in a molten metal is numerically simulated with the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) which belongs to the cellular automaton techniques. The present state of the two dimensional model allows the investigation of the foam evolution process comprising bubble expansion, bubble coalescence, drainage, and eventually foam collapse. Examples demonstrate the influence of the surface tension, viscosity and gravity on the foaming process and the resulting cell structure. In addition, the potential of the LBM to solve problems with complex boundary conditions is illustrated by means of a foam developing within the constraints of a mould as well as a foaming droplet exposed to gravity.