A method to stabilise the performance of negatively fed KM3NeT photomultipliers

Adrián-Martínez S, Ageron M, Aiello S, Albert A, Ameli F, Anassontzis EG, Andre M, Androulakis G, Anghinolfi M, Anton G, Ardid M, Avgitas T, Barbarino G, Barbarito E, Baret B, Barrios-Martí J, Belias A, Berbee E, Van Den Berg A, Bertin V, Beurthey S, Van Beveren V, Beverini N, Biagi S, Biagioni A, Billault M, Bondì M, Bormuth R, Bouhadef B, Bourlis G, Bourret S, Boutonnet C, Bouwhuis M, Bozza C, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Buis E, Buompane R, Busto J, Cacopardo G, Caillat L, Calamai M, Calvo D, Capone A, Caramete L, Cecchini S, Celli S, Champion C, Cherubini S, Chiarella V, Chiarelli L, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Classen L, Cobas D, Cocimano R, Coelho JA, Coleiro A, Colonges S, Coniglione R, Cordelli M, Cosquer A, Coyle P, Creusot A, Cuttone G, D'Amato C, D'Amico A, D'Onofrio A, De Bonis G, De Sio C, Di Capua F, Di Palma I, Distefano C, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Dorosti-Hasankiadeh Q, Drakopoulou E, Drouhin D, Durocher M, Eberl T, Eichie S, Van Eijk D, El Bojaddaini I, Elsaesser D, Enzenhöfer A, Favaro M, Fermani P, Ferrara G, Frascadore G, Furini M, Fusco LA, Gál T, Galatà S, Garufi F, Gay P, Gebyehu M, Giacomini F, Gialanella L, Giordano V, Gizani N, Gracia R, Graf K, Grégoire T, Grella G, Grmek A, Guerzoni M, Habel R, Hallmann S, Van Haren H, Harissopulos S, Heid T, Heijboer A, Heine E, Henry S, Hernández-Rey JJ, Hevinga M, Hofestädt J, Hugon CM, Illuminati G, James C, Jansweijer P, Jongen M, De Jong M, Kadler M, Kalekin O, Kappes A, Katz U, Keller P, Kieft G, Kießling D, Koffeman EN, Kooijman P, Kouchner A, Kreter M, Kulikovskiy V, Lahmann R, Lamare P, Leisos A, Leonora E, Clark ML, Liolios A, Alvarez CD, Lo Presti D, Löhner H, Lonardo A, Lotze M, Loucatos S, Maccioni E, Mannheim K, Manzali M, Margiotta A, Margotti A, Marinelli A, Mariš O, Markou C, Martínez-Mora JA, Martini A, Marzaioli F, Mele R, Melis KW, Michael T, Migliozzi P, Migneco E, Mijakowski P, Miraglia A, Mollo CM, Mongelli M, Morganti M, Moussa A, Musico P, Musumeci M, Nicolau CA, Olcina I, Olivetto C, Orlando A, Orzelli A, Pancaldi G, Paolucci A, Papaikonomou A, Papaleo R, Pǎvǎlaš GE, Peek H, Pellegrini G, Pellegrino C, Perrina C, Pfutzner M, Piattelli P, Pikounis K, Poma GE, Popa V, Pradier T, Pratolongo F, Pühlhofer G, Pulvirenti S, Quinn L, Racca C, Raffaelli F, Randazzo N, Real D, Resvanis L, Reubelt J, Riccobene G, Rossi C, Rovelli A, Saldaña M, Salvadori I, Samtleben DF, Sánchez García A, Sánchez Losa A, Sanguineti M, Santangelo A, Santonocito D, Sapienza P, Schimmel F, Schmelling J, Schnabel J, Sciacca V, Sedita M, Seitz T, Sgura I, Simeone F, Sipala V, Spisso B, Spurio M, Stavropoulos G, Steijger J, Stellacci SM, Stransky D, Taiuti M, Tayalati Y, Terrasi F, Tézier D, Theraube S, Timmer P, Tönnis C, Trasatti L, Travaglini R, Trovato A, Tsirigotis A, Tzamarias S, Tzamariudaki E, Vallage B, Van Elewyck V, Vermeulen J, Versari F, Vicini P, Viola S, Vivolo D, Volkert M, Wiggers L, Wilms J, De Wolf E, Zachariadou K, Zani S, Zornoza JD, Zúñiga J (2016)


Publication Status: Published

Publication Type: Journal article, Original article

Publication year: 2016

Journal

Publisher: Institute of Physics Publishing

Book Volume: 11

Article Number: P12014

Journal Issue: 12

DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/11/12/P12014

Abstract

The KM3NeT research infrastructure, currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, will host neutrino telescopes for the identification of neutrino sources in the Universe and for studies of the neutrino mass hierarchy. These telescopes will house hundreds of thousands of photomultiplier tubes that will have to be operated in a stable and reliable fashion. In this context, the stability of the dark counts has been investigated for photomultiplier tubes with negative high voltage on the photocathode and held in insulating support structures made of 3D printed nylon material. Small gaps between the rigid support structure and the photomultiplier tubes in the presence of electric fields can lead to discharges that produce dark count rates that are highly variable. A solution was found by applying the same insulating varnish as used for the high voltage bases directly to the outside of the photomultiplier tubes. This transparent conformal coating provides a convenient and inexpensive method of insulation.

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How to cite

APA:

Adrián-Martínez, S., Ageron, M., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E.G.,... Zúñiga, J. (2016). A method to stabilise the performance of negatively fed KM3NeT photomultipliers. Journal of Instrumentation, 11(12). https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/12/P12014

MLA:

Adrián-Martínez, S., et al. "A method to stabilise the performance of negatively fed KM3NeT photomultipliers." Journal of Instrumentation 11.12 (2016).

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