Morphological variability of the plantaris tendon in the human fetus

Waśniewska-Włodarczyk A, Paulsen F, Olewnik Ł, Polguj M (2021)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2021

Journal

Scientific Reports Nature Publishing Group: Open Access Journals - Option B

Book Volume: 11

Article Number: 16871

Journal Issue: 1

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96391-8

Abstract

Muscular anatomy often differs between species and individuals. In particular, the plantaris muscle (PM) demonstrates great morphological variability in its course and its proximal and distal attachments. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological variation of the PM tendon in human fetuses. Forty-six spontaneously aborted human fetuses (23 male, 23 female) aged 18–38 weeks of gestation were studied. Morphology of the attachment of the PM was assessed in both lower extremities (n = 92). The PM was present in 72 lower limbs (78.26%) and absent in 20 (21.74%). Eight types of PM distal attachment were identified. We propose an eight-fold classification of PM insertion in fetuses. Leg length, length of tendon, extension point (ExP) from the calcaneus, and ExP thickness differed significantly among types of PM insertion.

Authors with CRIS profile

Friedrich Paulsen Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle und Klinische Anatomie

Involved external institutions

Medical University of Łódź / Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi PL Poland (PL)

How to cite

APA:

Waśniewska-Włodarczyk, A., Paulsen, F., Olewnik, Ł., & Polguj, M. (2021). Morphological variability of the plantaris tendon in the human fetus. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96391-8

MLA:

Waśniewska-Włodarczyk, Anna, et al. "Morphological variability of the plantaris tendon in the human fetus." Scientific Reports 11.1 (2021).

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