Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

Gallina G, Giampa P, Retière F, Kroeger J, Zhang G, Ward M, Margetak P, Li G, Tsang T, Doria L, Al Kharusi S, Alfaris M, Anton G, Arnquist IJ, Badhrees I, Barbeau PS, Beck D, Belov V, Bhatta T, Blatchford J, Brodsky JP, Brown E, Brunner T, Cao GF, Cao L, Cen WR, Chambers C, Charlebois SA, Chiu M, Cleveland B, Coon M, Craycraft A, Dalmasson J, Daniels T, Darroch L, Daugherty SJ, De A, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian A, DeVoe R, Dilling J, Ding YY, Dolinski MJ, Dragone A, Echevers J, Elbeltagi M, Fabris L, Fairbank D, Fairbank W, Farine J, Feyzbakhsh S, Fontaine R, Gautam P, Giacomini G, Gornea R, Gratta G, Hansen EV, Heffner M, Hoppe EW, Hößl J, House A, Hughes M, Ito Y, Iverson A, Jamil A, Jewell MJ, Jiang XS, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Kodroff D, Koffas T, Krücken R, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Lan Y, Larson A, Lenardo BG, Leonard DS, Li S, Li Z, Licciardi C, Lin YH, Lv P, MacLellan R, McElroy T, Medina-Peregrina M, Michel T, Mong B, Moore DC, Murray K, Nakarmi P, Newby RJ, Ning Z, Njoya O, Nolet F, Nusair O, Odgers K, Odian A, Oriunno M, Orrell JL, Ortega GS, Ostrovskiy I, Overman CT, Parent S, Piepke A, Pocar A, Pratte JF, Qiu D, Radeka V, Raguzin E, Rescia S, Richman M, Robinson A, Rossignol T, Rowson PC, Roy N, Saldanha R, Sangiorgio S, Skarpaas K, Soma AK, St-Hilaire G, Stekhanov V, Stiegler T, Sun XL, Tarka M, Todd J, Tolba T, Totev TI, Tsang R, Vachon F, Veeraraghavan V, Visser G, Vuilleumier JL, Wagenpfeil M, Walent M, Wang Q, Watkins J, Weber M, Wei W, Wen LJ, Wichoski U, Wu SX, Wu WH, Wu X, Xia Q, Yang H, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich O, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Ziegler T (2019)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2019

Journal

Book Volume: 940

Pages Range: 371-379

DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096

Abstract

In this paper we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC)s as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various MPPC features, such as: dark noise, gain, correlated avalanches, direct crosstalk and Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) were measured in a dedicated setup at TRIUMF. MPPCs were characterized in the range 163K≤T≤233K. At an over voltage of 3.1±0.2 V and at T=163K we report a number of Correlated Avalanches (CAs) per pulse in the 1μs interval following the trigger pulse of 0.161±0.005. At the same settings the Dark-Noise (DN) rate is 0.137±0.002Hz/mm². Both the number of CAs and the DN rate are within nEXO specifications. The PDE of the Hamamatsu VUV4 was measured for two different devices at T=233K for a mean wavelength of 189±7nm. At 3.6±0.2 V and 3.5±0.2 V of over voltage we report a PDE of 13.4±2.6% and 11±2%, corresponding to a saturation PDE of 14.8±2.8% and 12.2±2.3%, respectively. Both values are well below the 24% saturation PDE advertised by Hamamatsu. More generally, the second device tested at 3.5±0.2 V of over voltage is below the nEXO PDE requirement. The first one instead yields a PDE that is marginally close to meeting the nEXO specifications. This suggests that with modest improvements the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs could be considered as an alternative to the FBK-LF Silicon Photo-Multipliers for the final design of the nEXO detector.

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Involved external institutions

Université de Sherbrooke Canada (CA) Laurentian University Canada (CA) McGill University Canada (CA) Brookhaven National Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Carleton University Canada (CA) University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) United States (USA) (US) Triumf Canada (CA) Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) / 中国科学院高能物理研究所 China (CN) Stanford University United States (USA) (US) Colorado State University United States (USA) (US) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States (USA) (US) University of South Dakota United States (USA) (US) Drexel University United States (USA) (US) Yale University United States (USA) (US) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Institute for Basic Science Korea, Republic of (KR) Stanford National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) United States (USA) (US) Oak Ridge National Laboratory United States (USA) (US) Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) /Институт теоретической и экспериментальной физики Russian Federation (RU) The University of Alabama United States (USA) (US) IMECAS Institute of Microelectronice of Chinese Academy of Sciences China (CN) Indiana University United States (USA) (US) Universität Bern Switzerland (CH) State University of New York at Albany (UNY Albany / UAlbany) United States (USA) (US) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) United States (USA) (US) University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) United States (USA) (US)

How to cite

APA:

Gallina, G., Giampa, P., Retière, F., Kroeger, J., Zhang, G., Ward, M.,... Ziegler, T. (2019). Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 940, 371-379. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096

MLA:

Gallina, G., et al. "Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 940 (2019): 371-379.

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